Table 1.

Policies targeting alcohol use during pregnancy in effect by decade and by state

Policy	Year first went into effect	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s
Mandatory Warning Signs: Notices warning about harms from alcohol use during pregnancy must be posted in locations where alcoholic beverages are sold	1985		AK, CA, DC, GA, SD	AK, AZ, CA, DC, DE, GA, IL, KY, MN, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OR, SD, TN, WA, WV	AK, AZ, CA, DC, DE, GA, IL, KY, MN, MO, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OR, SD, TN, TX, WA, WV	AK, AZ, CA, DC, DE, GA, IL, KY, MN, MO, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OR, SD, TN, TX, UT, WA, WV
Priority Treatment for Pregnant Women: Mandatory priority access to substance abuse treatment for pregnant women who abuse alcohol	1989		CA	AZ, CA, GA, KS, LA, MD, WI	AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, GA, KS, LA, MD, OK, UT, WI	AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, GA, KS, KY, LA, MD, OK, TX, UT, WI
Priority Treatment for Pregnant Women and Women with Children: Mandatory priority access to substance abuse Treatment for pregnant women and women with children who abuse alcohol	1989		FL, WA	DC, FL, IL, MO, WA	DC, FL, IL, MO, TX, WA, WY	DC, FL, IL, MO, WA
Reporting Requirements for Treatment & Data: Mandatory or discretionary reporting of alcohol use during pregnancy for purposes of Treatment referral or data collection	1986		IL, KS, MN, NJ, OR	AK, CA, CO, FL, IA, IL, KS, KY, LA, MI, MN, MO, NJ, NY, OK, OR, TX, WI	AK, CA, CO, DE, FL, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, ME, MI, MN, MO, ND, NH, NJ, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, SC, SD, TX, WA, WI, WV	AK, CA, CO, DE, FL, IL, IN, KS, KY, ME, MI, MN, MO, ND, NJ, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, SC, SD, TX, WA, WI, WV
Prohibitions on Criminal Prosecution: Prohibit use of medical tests (such as prenatal screening or toxicology) as evidence in criminal prosecution	1992			FL, KS, KY, MO, NV, VA	KS, KY, LA, MO, NV, VA	CO, KS, KY, LA, MO, NV, VA
Civil Commitment: Mandatory involuntary commitment of pregnant women to Treatment or protective custody to protect fetus from prenatal exposure to alcohol	1998			SD, WI	MN, ND, OK, SD, WI	MN, ND, OK, SD, WI
Reporting Requirements for CPS Purposes: Mandated or discretionary reporting of alcohol use during pregnancy for purposes of child abuse/neglect investigation	1974	MA	MA, MN, UT	AZ, CA, FL, KY, MA, MI, MN, RI, SD, UT, VA, WI	AK, AZ, CA, FL, IN, KY, LA, MA, ME, MI, MN, OK, PA, RI, SD, UT, VA, WI	AK, AR, AZ, CA, DC, FL, IN, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, OK, PA, RI, SD, UT, VA, WI
Child Abuse/Neglect: Legal significance of alcohol use during pregnancy and, in some cases, defines alcohol use during pregnancy as child abuse/neglect	1974	MA	IL, IN, MA, NV, UT	FL, IL, IN, KY, MA, NV, RI, SC, SD, TX, UT, VA, WI	AL, AZ, CO, FL, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, ME, ND, NV, OK, RI, SC, SD, TX, UT, VA, WI	AL, AZ, CO, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MA, ME, ND, NV, OK, RI, SC, SD, TX, UT, VA, WI

Bold indicates states that had the policy go into effect during that decade; grey background are supportive; white background are punitive