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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 13.
Published in final edited form as: Med Phys. 2018 Jun 13:10.1002/mp.13046. doi: 10.1002/mp.13046

Figure 2. Different approaches to calculating the same feature lead to different radiomics maps.

Figure 2

This often ignored aspect is critical when validating radiomics signatures across institutions. (a) T1 post-contrast image from a breast cancer patient. (b) Local gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) Contrast averaged across two-dimensional (2D) directional offsets. (c) Local GLCM Contrast averaged across three-dimensional (3D) directional offsets. (d) Local GLCM Contrast computed by accumulating co-occurrence frequencies from 2D directional offsets into a single co-occurrence matrix. (e) Local GLCM Contrast computed by accumulating co-occurrence frequencies from 3D directional offsets into a single co-occurrence matrix.