Table 2.

Demographic characteristics of participants (N=228)

	n¹	%²
Age group
< 35 years old	42	18.42
35 - 50 years old	148	64.91
> 50 years old	35	15.35
Gender
Male	64	28.07
Female	162	71.05
Race/ethnicity
African American	17	7.46
African Immigrant	39	17.12
American Indian/ Alaskan Native	23	10.09
Hispanic/Latino	64	28.07
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	70	30.70
Other (includes multiracial)	7	3.07
Marital status
Married or living as married	174	76.32
Other	49	21.49
Educational attainment
< High School	29	12.72
High School/ GED	85	37.28
AD Diploma or Certificate	52	22.81
≥ Bachelor’s degree	42	18.42
Annual household income
<$20,000	86	37.72
$20,000 - $40,000	69	30.26
> $40,000	60	26.32
Occupation³
Service employee	26	11.40
Business employee	36	15.79
Building/construction employee	42	18.42
Other employment	27	11.84
Student	10	4.39
Homemaker	40	17.54
Unemployed/retired	17	7.46
Birthplace
US	72	31.58
Other	154	67.54
Years in the US⁴
< 20 years	68	44.16
≥ 20 years	74	48.05
Parents’ birthplace
US	47	20.61
Other	176	77.19
English usage⁵
Low (< 2.5)	43	18.86
Medium (2.5 - 4)	72	31.58
High (> 4)	61	26.75
Health insurance coverage
Yes	127	55.703
No	94	41.23
Type of health insurance⁶
Private	82	64.57
Public	40	31.50
Primary care provider for child
Yes	158	69.30
No	56	24.56

Missing values are not shown in this table. Missing values are as follows: Age group (3 missing, including 1 participant excluded because reported age was ‘4’; range: 18-74; mean: 43.09; SD: 10.19); Gender (2 missing); Race/ethnicity (8 missing); Marital status (5 missing); Educational attainment (20 missing); Annual household income (13 missing); Occupation (30 missing); Birthplace (2 missing); Years in the US (86 missing, including 74 excluded for being born in the US; range: 2-55; mean: 25.62; SD: 17.25); Parents’ birthplace (5 missing); English usage (52 missing); Health insurance coverage (7 missing); Type of health insurance (106 missing, including 94 excluded for not having any health insurance); Primary care provider for child (14 missing).

Percentages calculated out of 228 (total number of participants), except where otherwise noted.

Occupation coded using US Standard Occupational Codes and further collapse such that ‘Service’ includes: community and social service occupations, protective service occupations, food preparation and serving related occupations, and personal care and service occupations; ‘Business’ includes: management occupations, business and financial operations occupations, architecture and engineering occupations, sales and related occupations, and office and administrative support occupations; ‘Building/construction’ includes: building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations, construction and extraction occupations, installation, maintenance, and repair occupations, production occupations, and transportation and material moving occupations; and ‘Other employment’ includes: legal occupations, education, training, and library occupations, arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations, healthcare practitioners and technical occupations, and healthcare support occupations.

⁴

Percentages calculated out of 154 (number of participants reported born out of the US).

⁵

Five questions were used to create this composite score. Participants answered these questions according to a five-point scale, and responses were coded numerically (1-5). To create the composite score, the numeric values associated with the participants’ responses to each of the five questions were summed and then divided by the number of questions that the participant answered. Essentially, each participant’s responses to these five questions were averaged.

⁶

Percentages calculated out of 127 (number of participants reported having health insurance).