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. 2019 Jun 27;9:9334. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45770-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Genetic relatedness and population structure of complex mapping breeding population association panel: (a) a screen plot showing most of the variability explained by the first two principal components (PCs) for association study, (b) variation of the first two PCs, (c) kinship values, (d) average LD as a function of inter-SNP marker distance estimated in the complex mapping breeding population association panel, and (e) phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree of the complex mapping population used for phenotyping under direct-seeded conditions.