Table 2.
Percentage difference in cost of smoking (100β with 95% CI) | |||
Model 1 | Models 2 to 5 | Model 6 | |
Baseline model | Adjusted for sociodemographics | All variables | |
Age | |||
Per 10 years increase | 7.21 (6.42 to 8.01) | 0.14 (−0.42 to 0.70) | |
Gender | |||
Male | ref | ref | |
Female | 2.22 (−0.34 to 4.78) | 0.11 (−1.69 to 1.91) | |
Social grade | |||
Low | ref | ref | |
Middle | −1.08 (−3.88 to 1.72) | 1.44 (−0.52 to 3.40) | |
High | −1.50 (−4.33 to 1.32) | ||
Factory-made cigarette consumption* | |||
Per 10 cigarettes decrease | −10.17 (−10.35 to −9.99) | −12.99 (−13.18 to −12.80) | |
RYO cigarette consumption† | |||
Per 10 cigarettes decrease | 1.19 (1.44 to 0.94) | −5.86 (−6.06 to −5.66) | |
Use of illicit sources‡ | |||
No use of illicit sources in last 6 months | ref | ref | |
Used illicit sources in last 6 months | −5.91 (−10.59 to −1.23) | −9.64 (−12.94 to −6.33) | |
Cross-border purchase§ | |||
No cross-border purchase in last 6 months | ref | ref | |
Cross-border purchase in last 6 months | −7.04 (−11.72 to −2.37) | −9.47 (−12.74 to −6.20) |
*50.4% of variance in spending accounted for by factory-made cigarette consumption.
†9.5% of variance in spending accounted for by RYO cigarette consumption.
‡0.1% of variance in spending accounted for by use of illicit sources of tobacco.
§0.1% of variance in spending accounted for by use of cross-border sources of tobacco.
GAM, generalised additive models; RYO, roll-your-own.