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. 2019 Jun 25;9(6):e026320. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026320

Table 2.

Weighted percentage difference in cost of smoking for sociodemographics and cost-minimising strategies from GAM

Percentage difference in cost of smoking (100β with 95% CI)
Model 1 Models 2 to 5 Model 6
Baseline model Adjusted for sociodemographics All variables
Age
 Per 10 years increase 7.21 (6.42 to 8.01) 0.14 (−0.42 to 0.70)
Gender
 Male ref ref
 Female 2.22 (−0.34 to 4.78) 0.11 (−1.69 to 1.91)
Social grade
 Low ref ref
 Middle −1.08 (−3.88 to 1.72) 1.44 (−0.52 to 3.40)
 High −1.50 (−4.33 to 1.32)
Factory-made cigarette consumption*
 Per 10 cigarettes decrease −10.17 (−10.35 to −9.99) −12.99 (−13.18 to −12.80)
RYO cigarette consumption†
 Per 10 cigarettes decrease 1.19 (1.44 to 0.94) −5.86 (−6.06 to −5.66)
Use of illicit sources‡
 No use of illicit sources in last 6 months ref ref
 Used illicit sources in last 6 months −5.91 (−10.59 to −1.23) −9.64 (−12.94 to −6.33)
Cross-border purchase§
 No cross-border purchase in last 6 months ref ref
 Cross-border purchase in last 6 months −7.04 (−11.72 to −2.37) −9.47 (−12.74 to −6.20)

*50.4% of variance in spending accounted for by factory-made cigarette consumption.

†9.5% of variance in spending accounted for by RYO cigarette consumption.

‡0.1% of variance in spending accounted for by use of illicit sources of tobacco.

§0.1% of variance in spending accounted for by use of cross-border sources of tobacco.

GAM, generalised additive models; RYO, roll-your-own.