Table 3.

Means, SD and correlations among the study variables

Variable	M (SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Age (1=over 60 years; 0=60 years or younger)	0.05 (0.21)
2. Anaesthesiologist (1=Anaest.; 0=Other spec.)	0.26 (0.44)	0.072
3. Physician (1=Physician; 0=Resident)	0.75 (0.44)	0.129	0.071
4. SBJL	3.31 (0.76)	−0.148*	−0.064	−0.030
5. DISJL	2.51 (0.59)	−0.011	0.068	−0.041	0.092
6. COUJL	3.98 (0.77)	0.025	0.140*	0.017	0.439**	0.139*
7. PPREF	1.86 (0.45)	0.051	−0.177**	0.006	0.223**	0.154*	0.215**
8. PPMED	1.58 (0.48)	0.016	−0.060	0.073	0.040	0.041	0.038	0.412**
9. ASB	1.76 (0.57)	0.072	0.041	0.057	0.134	0.286**	0.332**	0.350**	0.315**
10. AVB	1.26 (0.38)	0.236**	0.225**	0.039	0.104	0.219**	0.281**	0.111	0.131	0.297**

The means are the averages of participants’ responses on the underlying items (range: 1–5).

*Significant at the 0.05 level (two-tailed); **significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).

ASB, assurance behaviour; AVB, avoidance behaviour; COUJL, concerns about unjustified litigation; DISJL, disapproval of justified litigation; PPMED, perceived patient pressure to prescribe medicine; PPREF, perceived patient pressure to refer; SBJL, self-blame for justified litigation.