Fig. 6.

In vivo bone defect repair with the Apt-bioinspired MVs. a Schematic illustration of bone repair with Apt-bioinspired MVs. b μ-CT reconstruction of the bone defect and c histomorphological analysis of the tissue after treatment with Apt-bioinspired MVs and NIR irradiation. d μ-CT reconstruction of the bone defect and e histomorphological analysis of the tissue after treatment with Apt-bioinspired MVs. f μ-CT reconstruction of the bone defect and g histomorphological analysis of the tissue after treatment with PBS and NIR irradiation. h μ-CT reconstruction of the bone defect and i histomorphological analysis of the tissue after treatment with PBS. The red rings represent the bone defects. The black solid lines denote the origin bone margins. NT represents newly formed tissue, and OB represents origin bone. j Quantification of defect area and k quantification of bone volume fraction (BV/TV, bone volume/tissue volume). l Concentration variation of phosphate ions over 10 days in the bone defect region of mice treated with Apt-bioinspired MVs under NIR irradiation and PBS, respectively. Scale bars in c, g, e, f and the corresponding insets are 100 and 50 μm, respectively. Data are means ± s.d. (n = 3), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test). Source data of b–l are provided as a Source Data file