Table 1.
Demographic, cognitive, and GVS-related sample characteristics for males and females.
| Control variables | Males (n = 23) | Females (n = 24) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STIM-Starter (n = 11) | SHAM-Starter (n = 12) | p-value | STIM-Starter (n = 12) | SHAM-Starter (n = 12) | p-value | |
| Age | 23.4 (2.6) | 23.9 (2.3) | 0.59 | 24.8 (3.6) | 24.4 (4.4) | 0.80 |
| Years of education | 15.6 (2.4) | 16.2 (1.6) | 0.50 | 17.9 (3.9) | 16.1 (2.7) | 0.17 |
| Cognitive characteristics and GVS-related measures | ||||||
| Identical pictures | 70.4 (13.7) | 72.9 (9.8) | 0.59 | 78.1 (9.4) | 70.5 (12.5) | 0.11 |
| Identical pictures RT | 2131.7 (423.7) | 2181.6 (314.2) | 0.75 | 1929.8 (221.8) | 2203.7 (437.2) | 0.07 |
| Spot a word | 65.7 (11.2) | 67.4 (14.7) | 0.77 | 70.1 (8.0) | 63.2 (11.6) | 0.11 |
| Spot a word RT | 5738.8 (2057.1) | 4970.0 (1636.1) | 0.33 | 4887.0 (1584.7) | 3985.3 (940.5) | 0.10 |
| Serial Recall | 76.3 (21.9) | 78.9 (15.6) | 0.74 | 84.9 (9.5) | 79.6 (17.6) | 0.37 |
| Spatial n-back | 82.3 (14.4) | 84.6 (6.6) | 0.62 | 65.8 (19.2) | 66.7 (24.1) | 0.92 |
| Spatial n-back RT | 1035.1 (223.9) | 953.7 (178.9) | 0.34 | 1202.8 (366.7) | 1019.8 (279.5) | 0.19 |
| WMT-2 | 82.3 (13.6) | 86.1 (11.7) | 0.48 | 79.2 (15.0) | 83.3 (10.3) | 0.42 |
| GVS intensity-S1 (in mA) | 0.55 (0.25) | 0.66 (0.19) | 0.26 | 0.71 (0.23) | 0.46 (0.28) | 0.03* |
| GVS intensity-S2 (in mA) | 0.68 (0.10) | 0.55 (0.21) | 0.10 | 0.59 (0.25) | 0.56 (0.26) | 0.76 |
| GVS duration (in min)-S1 | 9.6 (2.9) GVS on | 12.9 (6.0) GVS off | 0.11 | 14.7 (6.1) GVS on | 14.6 (6.1) GVS off | 0.99 |
| GVS duration (in min)-S2 | 8.8 (3.1) GVS off | 13.6 (7.0) GVS on | 0.05* | 11.8 (4.5) GVS off | 11.9 (7.1) GVS on | 0.98 |
Values are presented as mean (standard deviation) with corresponding p-values.