Table 2.
Skin carotenoid index of subjects with different characteristics.
| minimum | maximum | Mean (SD) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Men | 32 | 869 | 315.4 (129.6) | <0.001, (Welch’s t-test) |
| Women | 117 | 914 | 382.1 (149.8) | ||
| Lutein supplement | No | 32 | 892 | 324.9 (130.2) | <0.001, (Welch’s t-test) |
| Yes | 136 | 914 | 414.9 (164.2) | ||
| Smoking habit | No | 57 | 914 | 372.5 (149.1) |
<0.001, (ANOVA) No/Past, <0.001 No/Current, <0.001 Past/Current, 0.001 (Bonferroni) |
| Past | 56 | 869 | 323.4 (124.5) | ||
| Current | 32 | 863 | 272.9 (121.6) | ||
| Diabetes | No | 56 | 914 | 346.0 (142.5) | 0.176 (t-test) |
| Yes | 32 | 723 | 330.3 (139.8) | ||
| Macular disease | No | 32 | 740 | 340.5 (141.9) | 0.270 (ANOVA) |
| AMD | 56 | 914 | 346.2 (146.4) | ||
| Others | 57 | 892 | 346.1 (135.9) |