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. 2019 Jun 27;9:9358. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45750-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantification of lineage trace recombination efficiencies mediated by FlpE, Cre and PhiC31. (a) Schematic representation of recombinase-based lineage tracing strategy. Red triangles represent recombinase target sequences. (b–d) Quantification of FACS-analyzed dissociated retinal cells electroporated with a UbiqC::TdTomato electroporation control, a FlpE, Cre, or PhiC31 recombinase plasmid, and the corresponding responder vector. Retinas were electroporated at E5 and fixed after two days in culture. (b) Quantification of basal recombination, with recombinase plasmids driven by a basal promoter (TATA box). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals, n = 12, p < 0.001 upon Kruskal Wallis test with post hoc Dunn test. (c) Quantification of enhancer-driven recombination, with recombinase plasmids driven by the ThrbCRM1 enhancer element. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals, n = 6. (d) Quantification of ubiquitous recombination, with recombinase plasmids driven by the ubiquitous CAG promoter. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals, n = 6. CRM, cis-regulatory module; bp, basal promoter; pA, polyadenylation sequence.