Table 3.
Age-adjusted rates (cases/10 000 person-years) of mortality and combined CVD incidence by risk factors in CVD-free participants*
| Men | Women | |||||||||
| n (%) | Total mortality | Combined CVD | n (%) | Total mortality | Combined CVD | |||||
| Cases | Rate | Cases | Rate | Cases | Rate | Cases | Rate | |||
| Overall | 599 (100) | 121 | 100.4 | 82 | 84.4 | 630 (100) | 75 | 49.5 | 65 | 52.9 |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||
| <50 | 300 (58.5) | 6 | 14.8 | 8 | 20.9 | 329 (57.2) | 2 | 4.6 | 5 | 12.2 |
| 50–65 | 112 (22.4) | 8 | 54.3 | 10 | 70.2 | 96 (17.4) | 4 | 31.1 | 7 | 55.6 |
| 65–75 | 87 (10.2) | 33 | 283.1 | 29 | 315.0 | 96 (13.3) | 20 | 134.9 | 21 | 166.1 |
| ≥75 | 100 (8.9) | 74 | 835.3 | 35 | 476.6 | 109 (12.1) | 49 | 418.5 | 32 | 305.8 |
| BMI | ||||||||||
| <30 | 502 (84.2) | 97 | 98.3 | 69 | 89.7 | 517 (83.2) | 50 | 48.2 | 42 | 49.4 |
| ≥30 | 97 (15.8) | 24 | 113.4 | 13 | 66.0 | 113 (16.4) | 25 | 54.4 | 23 | 62.8 |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Never | 196 (33.0) | 29 | 66.8 | 20 | 56.6 | 378 (56.4) | 68 | 49.5 | 55 | 42.8 |
| Former | 241 (36.7) | 79 | 118.8 | 49 | 75.3 | 111 (19.1) | 4 | 36.9 | 5 | 46.4 |
| Current | 162 (30.3) | 13 | 109.9 | 13 | 106.4 | 141 (24.5) | 3 | 65.2 | 5 | 96.5 |
| Hypertension | ||||||||||
| No | 352 (64.8) | 28 | 79.4 | 23 | 77.5 | 384 (64.8) | 16 | 49.8 | 10 | 31.7 |
| Yes | 247 (35.2) | 93 | 132.5 | 59 | 118.0 | 246 (35.2) | 59 | 59.2 | 55 | 83.4 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||
| No | 545 (92.7) | 91 | 96.5 | 61 | 77.6 | 598 (95.8) | 61 | 47.4 | 54 | 51.1 |
| Yes | 54 (7.3) | 30 | 157.1 | 21 | 179.9 | 32 (4.2) | 14 | 109.3 | 11 | 140.6 |
| Dyslipidaemia | ||||||||||
| No | 395 (66.4) | 83 | 106.9 | 46 | 71.9 | 402 (65.3) | 38 | 51.0 | 28 | 48.8 |
| Yes | 204 (33.6) | 38 | 87.0 | 36 | 111.0 | 228 (34.7) | 37 | 47.0 | 37 | 59.8 |
Combined CVD definition included fatal and non-fatal CHD, stroke, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease.
*We excluded 81 participants missing baseline obesity, smoking or lipid determinations, 89 participants lost to follow-up, 7 participants who died but the date of death was unknown and 96 participants with prevalent coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure or peripheral arterial disease at baseline, leaving 1229 individuals for the prospective analysis. Summary age-adjusted rates for all-cause mortality and combined cardiovascular incidence were estimated from Poisson regression models for individual mortality and cardiovascular incidence time-to-event data (endpoint status at the end of follow-up as dichotomous outcome and log-transformed individual follow-up time as offset). All analyses were weighted to the underlying population. Average and absolute amount of follow-up was, respectively, 12.5 and 15 402.8 person-year for mortality and 12.0 and 14 784.4 person-year for combined CVD.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease.