Table 4.

HR (95% CI) for combined CVD incidence by traditional risk factors in CVD-free study participants (N=1229*).

	Overall	Men	Women
Current smoker	1.55 (1.09 to 2.23)	1.29 (0.82 to 2.03)	2.25 (0.96 to 5.30)
Obesity	0.95 (0.77 to 1.17)	0.71 (0.48 to 1.05)	1.17 (0.84 to 1.63)
Hypertension	1.83 (1.40 to 2.40)	1.61 (1.17 to 2.23)	2.30 (1.22 to 4.33)
Diabetes	2.09 (1.55 to 2.81)	2.39 (1.44 to 3.96)	1.67 (0.81 to 3.42)
Dyslipidaemia	1.35 (1.12 to 1.63)	1.17 (0.87 to 1.57)	1.60 (1.09 to 2.35)

Combined CVD definition included fatal and non-fatal CHD, stroke, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease. ^aWe excluded 81 participants missing baseline obesity, smoking or lipid determinations, 89 participants lost to follow-up, 7 participants who died but the date of death was unknown and 96 participants with prevalent coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure or peripheral arterial disease at baseline, leaving 1229 individuals for the prospective analysis. Rate ratios for cardiovascular incidence associated with the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors were estimated from Poisson regression models of individual time-to-event data adjusting for age at follow-up, sex and traditional cardiovascular risk factors including smoking status (never, former, current), obesity (no, yes), dyslipidaemia (total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL or lipid lowering medication), diabetes (no, yes), hypertension (no, yes), low-estimated glomerular filtration rate (no, yes), anti-hypertensive medication (no, yes), glucose lowering medication (no, yes) and lipid lowering medication (no, yes). All analyses were weighted to the underlying population.

CVD, cardiovascular disease.