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Schematic illustration of fibroblast p90RSK-mediated epithelial injury. p90RSK-transgenic fibroblasts surrounding the tubular epithelial cells generate excessive H2O2 and trigger epithelial ROS induction, which causes cytosol accumulation and increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Then, β-catenin directly binds to and activates FOXO1 to induce epithelial apoptosis by activating pro-apoptotic proteins including BIM and BAD, resulting in accelerated kidney fibrosis.
