Figure 3.

Relationships between plasma adropin concentrations and fasting plasma concentrations of leptin (A), glucose (B), insulin (C), and ApoC3 (D) in male rhesus macaques (n = 59). Scatterplots present the relationships at baseline (chow-fed) and after 1 and 3 months of consuming fructose-sweetened beverages (300 kcal/day). Fasting plasma glucose concentrations exceeding 100 mg/dl (indicated with red symbols, orange shading in B) have been used as a diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes in rhesus macaques (38–41). Of the seven animals with fasting glucose >100 mg/dl after 3 months of fructose, four had glucose levels >100 mg/dl at baseline (>50%). The fasting glucose levels of the other three animal at baseline were higher (85, 83, and 92 mg/dl) relative to the group average (mean 80 mg/dl, S.D. 15 mg/dl).