Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the patients
| Postoperative bleeding (−), N = 207 | Postoperative bleeding (+), N = 11 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Backgrounds of patients | |||
| Age (years) | 69 (61–74) | 65 (60–74) | 0.6270 |
| Gender (male:female) | 122:85 | 8:3 | 0.3524 |
| Height (cm) | 159.8 (152.7–166.6) | 166.0 (154.1–170.8) | 0.3006 |
| Weight (kg) | 54.7 (49.7–62.8) | 64.0 (51.9–70.3) | 0.0958 |
| ASA-PS classification (1:2:3) | 80:122:5 | 4:6:1 | 0.5673 |
| Preoperative laboratory examinations | |||
| Platelet (104/mm3) | 23.3 (18.3–26.9) | 25.7 (21.5–28.6) | 0.1377 |
| eGFR | 73.3 (61.3–85.8) | 69.3 (64.2–78.3) | 0.8283 |
| Serum ALT (IU/L) | 17 (11–24) | 20 (14–26) | 0.2967 |
| Serum T-Bil (IU/L) | 0.62 (0.50–0.92) | 0.74 (0.46–0.77) | 0.6609 |
| D-dimer (μ/mL) | 0.55 (0.3–1.1) | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | 0.5690 |
| CEA (ng/mL) | 5.3 (2.8–11.8) | 4.8 (2.5–11.3) | 0.8202 |
| CA19-9 (U/mL) | 14 (8–23) | 21 (10–40) | 0.3140 |
| Preoperative comorbidities | |||
|
Number of comorbidities (4:3:2:1:0) |
1:3:15:59:129 | 0:1:0:3:7 | 0.4854 |
| Hypertension | 162 | 4 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 29 | 2 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 | 1 | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 2 | 0 | |
| Respiratory disease | 9 | 0 | |
| Surgical and tumor characteristics | |||
| Approach (open:laparoscopic) | 80:127 | 2:9 | 0.1505 |
| Blood loss (g) | 162 (50–403) | 170 (50–229) | 0.8022 |
| Duration of surgery | |||
| Open (min) | 223 (181–408) | 379 (162–597) | 0.7841 |
| Laparoscopic (min) | 284 (227–342) | 237 (216–313) | 0.3000 |
| Use of epidural anesthesia, n (%) | 189 (91.3%) | 10 (90.9%) | 0.9641 |
|
Type of anticoagulants (fondaparinux:enoxaparin) |
60:147 | 7:4 | 0.0374 |
|
Tumor location (Rt colon:Lt colon:Rectum) |
58:57:92 | 4:2:5 | 0.8280 |
|
TNM classification (stage 0:I:II:III:IV) |
11:51:52:58:35 | 1:6:1:0:3 | 0.0267 |
Data was presented as median (25th–75th percentile) and number (%). BMI body mass index, ASA-PS American Society of Anesthesiologists—physical status, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ALT alanine aminotransferase, T-Bil total-bilirubin, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19-9, TNM classification UICC classification ver.7 Staging for adenocarcinoma