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. 2019 Jun 27;16:131. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1526-0

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), Parkin, and lactate serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels in 30 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of disease activity (Gd+) and 30 MS patients without MRI evidence of disease activity (Gd−). ATG5 serum and CSF levels were higher in Gd+ MS patients than in Gd− (unpaired t test; p < 0.0001) (a, b). Parkin serum and CSF concentrations were increased in Gd+ MS patients than in Gd− (Mann-Whitney; p < 0.0001) (c, d). Lactate serum levels were more elevated in Gd+ MS than in Gd− (Mann-Whitney; p < 0.0001) (e). Each point represents a single observation. Horizontal bars indicate means (a, b) or medians (c–e)