Table 2.

Comparison between serum levels of lactate and autophagy-related 5 (ATG-5) and Parkin in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients analyzed as a whole and grouped according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of disease activity

		Serum lactate levels (nmol/ml)
MS (n = 60)
Serum ATG-5 levels (pg/ml)		r = 0.5897; p < 0.0001 (Pearson)
Serum Parkin levels (ng/ml)		r = 0.4855; p < 0.0001 (Pearson)
Gd− MS (n = 30)
Serum ATG-5 levels (pg/ml)		r = 0.1213; p = 5233 (Spearman)
Serum Parkin levels (ng/ml)		r = − 0.3246; p = 0.0801 (Spearman)
Gd+ MS (n = 30)
Serum ATG-5 levels (pg/ml)		r = − 0.01697; p = 0.9291 (Spearman)
Serum Parkin levels (ng/ml)		r = − 0.08174; p = 0.6565 (Spearman)

Gd+ MRI evidence of disease activity, Gd− no MRI evidence of disease activity