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Kinetic parameters for the adsorption process in darkness, fitted with a pseudo-second-order model.
| Ce µmol L−1 | K L mol−1 min−1 | R | Adsorbed dye % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw nanoparticles | CuO-ns | 63 | 247 | 0.993 | 25.2 |
| CuO-np | 65 | 273 | 0.991 | 26.0 | |
| Functional nanoparticles | CuO-np-C8 | 11 | 1024 | 0.994 | 4.4 |
| CuO-np-C18 | 8 | 2584 | 0.993 | 3.2 | |
