Table 5.

Candidate genes for high altitude adaptations and signatures of selection in the alpaca.

Gene symbol	Signature of selection	Species where the gene is under positive selection	References
ACAA1A	–	Deer mouse	Scott et al., 2015
ADAM17	Negative	Yak	Qiu et al., 2012
ARG2	Negative	Yak	Qiu et al., 2012
ATF6	–	Pig	Jia et al., 2016
CKMT1	–	Deer mouse	Scott et al., 2015
EFEMP1	Negative	Pig	Jia et al., 2016
EGLN1	Negative	Yak, dog, human	Qiu et al., 2012; Bigham and Lee, 2014; Gou et al., 2014; Jeong et al., 2014
EHHADH	Positive	Deer mouse	Scott et al., 2015
EPAS1	Negative	Dog, human, snakes	Bigham and Lee, 2014; Gou et al., 2014; Jeong et al., 2014; Li et al., 2018
ERP44	–	Camels (oxidative stress	Wu et al., 2014
HOXB6	–	Pig	Jia et al., 2016
IKBKG	–	Pig	Jia et al., 2016
KLF6	Negative	Pig	Jia et al., 2016
MGST2	–	Camels (oxidative stress	Wu et al., 2014
MMP3	–	Yak	Qiu et al., 2012
NFE2L2	Negative	Camels (oxidative stress	Wu et al., 2014
NOTCH4	Negative and positive	Deer mouse	Scott et al., 2015
PPARA	Positive	Deer mouse, human	Simonson et al., 2012; Scott et al., 2015
RBPJ	Negative and positive	Pig	Jia et al., 2016
SF3B1	Negative	Pig	Jia et al., 2016