Fig. 5.

Inhibition of Rac 1 increased levels of GFAP in vivo and in cultured astrocytes after stroke. a GFAP is highly expressed in brains 28 days after stroke. Scale bars: 1 mm. b Rac1 inhibitor upregulated GFAP expression in mice 14 days after stroke. A specific Rac1 inhibitor, NSC, or vehicle (saline) was administrated to WT mice starting 7 days after MCAO and injected once daily for 7 days (4.0 mg/kg/day). N =4, *p <0.05. c Rac1 inhibitor increased levels of GFAP in primary astrocytes after OGD. Cells were challenged by OGD for 2 h. 24 h after OGD, the cells were co-cultured with 30 μM NSC for a total of 96 h. N =4, *p < 0.05 for comparison between sham and OGD group treated with vehicle, ^#p < 0.05 for comparison between vehicle and NSC group under OGD condition. Data were presented as mean ± SEM