Table 1.
Demographics characteristic and QOL scores
| Characteristics | MDD (n=49) | BD (n=59) | HC (n=52) | Statistics | Post Hoc Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | F | p | ||
| Age (years) | 37.59 | 10.08 | 30.31 | 10.23 | 36.92 | 10.23 | 8.96 | <0.001 | BD < MDD, HC |
| Education (years) | 13.94 | 3.45 | 13.59 | 3.16 | 13.48 | 2.81 | 0.29 | 0.748 | - |
| Duration of illness (months)a | 86.49 | 83.71 | 81.07 | 84.89 | - | - | 0.11 | 0.740 | - |
| Age at onseta | 30.96 | 10.95 | 24.02 | 9.08 | - | - | 12.97 | <0.001 | BD < MDD |
| Recurrence timesa | 2.14 | 1.28 | 3.39 | 2.19 | - | - | 12.39 | 0.001 | - |
| HAMD total score | 2.81 | 2.29 | 2.00 | 2.01 | 0.58 | 1.19 | 18.27 | <0.001 | HC < BD < MDD |
| HAMA total score | 4.23 | 4.79 | 2.56 | 3.04 | 0.62 | 1.37 | 14.95 | <0.001 | HC < BD < MDD |
| YMRS total score | 0.31 | 1.01 | 2.49 | 4.71 | 0.85 | 1.75 | 7.38 | 0.001 | MDD, HC < BD |
| WHOQL-BREF domains | |||||||||
| PHYS | 13.34 | 2.24 | 14.31 | 2.31 | 15.55 | 1.63 | 14.24 | <0.001 | MDD, BD < HC |
| PSYCH | 13.24 | 2.31 | 14.32 | 2.37 | 15.05 | 1.98 | 8.41 | <0.001 | MDD < BD, HC |
| SOCIL | 12.98 | 2.61 | 13.56 | 2.56 | 14.92 | 1.92 | 8.93 | <0.001 | MDD, BD < HC |
| ENVIR | 13.70 | 2.15 | 13.82 | 2.54 | 14.08 | 2.01 | 0.36 | 0.696 | - |
| Total scores | 73.74 | 16.33 | 77.54 | 13.08 | 85.34 | 10.75 | 9.43 | <0.001 | MDD, BD < HC |
| RBANS | - | ||||||||
| Attention | 105.89 | 15.54 | 103.00 | 14.24 | 106.87 | 13.16 | 1.08 | 0.342 | - |
| Language | 93.64 | 12.74 | 89.84 | 14.32 | 95.79 | 15.35 | 2.44 | 0.090 | - |
| Visuospatial | 96.67 | 15.55 | 96.60 | 15.98 | 97.92 | 17.96 | 0.11 | 0.900 | - |
| Immediate memory | 87.16 | 17.18 | 83.93 | 16.31 | 88.79 | 18.89 | 1.10 | 0.337 | - |
| Delayed memory | 90.73 | 16.84 | 85.37 | 13.14 | 92.92 | 14.38 | 3.13 | 0.046 | BD < HC |
| Total scores | 92.49 | 15.42 | 88.26 | 11.27 | 94.44 | 14.89 | 2.85 | 0.061 | |
| SCT | |||||||||
| Sword time | 17.29 | 4.16 | 17.73 | 5.95 | 16.43 | 5.05 | 0.87 | 0.422 | - |
| Scolor time | 22.77 | 7.59 | 25.83 | 11.68 | 21.13 | 6.90 | 3.69 | 0.027 | - |
| Dword time | 21.09 | 7.22 | 21.86 | 8.11 | 20.63 | 9.51 | 0.30 | 0.742 | - |
| Dcolor time | 38.87 | 9.72 | 43.04 | 15.10 | 38.59 | 11.84 | 2.04 | 0.134 | - |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | χ1 | p | ||
| Gender (men)b | 21 | 42.9 | 37 | 75.5 | 23 | 44.2 | 5.48 | 0.065 | - |
| Marriedb | 31 | 63.3 | 29 | 49.2 | 37 | 71.2 | 5.81 | 0.055 | - |
| Current use of drugs b | 7 | 14.29 | 5 | 8.48 | - | - | 0.92 | 0.339 | - |
Notes: a Student’s t-test. b χ2 analysis. All other values result from analysis of variance, with Bonferroni correction used in post hoc. “Recurrence times” denotes times of relapse.
Abbreviations: MDD, major depressive disorder; BD, bipolar disorders; HC, health controls. PHYS, physical health; PSYCH, psychological health; SOCIL, social relationship; ENVIR, environment; RBANS, repeated neuropsychologicalassessment scale; SCT, Stroop Color Test; WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief.