Table 3.

Summary of the rodent studies showing a relationship between metabolic changes and microbiota alteration after SGA treatment

Study	SGA	Relationship	Comment
Davey et al. (2012)), Ireland	OLZ	Weak	Metabolic disturbances, inflammation, and microbiota alterations were observed only in female mice. In males, impact on microbiota and metabolism was minimal.
Davey et al. (2013), Ireland	OLZ	Strong	Metabolic effects of OLZ were associated with gut microbiota changes and were attenuated by antibiotics, which strongly reduced gut microbiota content.
Morgan et al. (2014), USA	OLZ	Strong	Results of few experiments shown that gut microbiota was necessary to induce weight gain (germ-free mice model) and that weight gain was related to the relative abundance of the special bacteria (cross-over study design).
Kao et al. (2018), UK	OLZ	Not observed	Short-term OLZ treatment did not affect faecal bacterial composition in female rats.
Bahr et al. (2015a), USA	RIS	Strong	Faecal and phage transplantation from mice treated with RIS caused weight gain and decreased energy expenditure.
Grobe et al. (2015), USA	RIS	Strong	Faecal transplantation from mice treated with RIS caused decreased tRMR.
Riedl et al. (2017), USA	RIS	Not clear	Cecectomy does not affect decreased tRMR after RIS treatment. It means that antibacterial properties of RIS are enough to reduce tRMR, and a further reduction of bacteria count via cecectomy is not required or that the mechanism does not depend on intestinal microbiota.