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. 2019 Jun 28;10:2871. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10752-6

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Fig. 2 — Structure and mutational analysis of VA-I apical region. a Apical region structure. The single-stranded, stacked C67–C69 in a dsRNA-like helical arrangement is indicated with red labels. Hydrogen bonds are denoted by gray dashed lines and base-stacking interactions are shown as green dashes. b Proposed alternative conformations of the apical region. The 67CCCC70 → UUUU substitution stabilizes the canonical conformation (upper panel) while a C75G::C76G substitution stabilizes the alternative, bulged conformation (lower panel). c Effects of the substitutions in b on PKR inhibition. The WT VA-I titration curve is shown as gray dashed lines for comparison in these and subsequent panels. d Secondary structures of wild-type and mutant VA-I RNAs harboring alterations to the apical loop, apical stem length, or the removal of apical stem wobble base pairs. The central domain is omitted for clarity. e Effects of VA-I alterations in d on PKR inhibition. Error bars represent s.d. from three independent replicates