Fig 4. PC plot of Procrustes shape coordinates for lateral facial landmark configurations.

Points represent mean PC score for the age-by-sex groups along the first two PCs. Black lines are two dimensional representations of the phenotypic growth trajectories that exist in the multidimensional shape space. The relative amount of shape variation explained by the first two PCs are shown in percentage. TPS grids along the axes illustrate shape difference between configurations with low/high PC scores and the grand mean shape, with ×2.5 magnification of the real shape difference. Mean shape for each age×sex group is illustrated relative to the grand mean shape using TPS grids next to the corresponding point, with ×4 magnification.