Table 3.
Effect of socio-economic and demographic factors on anemia among pre-school children in Bangladesh
| Variable, Group (N, %) | Children anemia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No, N (%) 1065(47.7) | Yes, N (%) 1166 (52.3) | Chi-square value | p-value | |
| Division | ||||
| Barisal (242, 10.85) | 97 (40.1) | 145 (59.9) | 16.063 | 0.013 |
| Chittagong (419, 18.78) | 201 (48.0) | 218 (52.0) | ||
| Dhaka (367, 16.45) | 191 (52.0) | 176 (48.0) | ||
| Khulna (254, 11.38) | 116 (45.7) | 138 (54.3) | ||
| Rajshahi (272, 12.20) | 138 (50.7) | 134 (49.3) | ||
| Rangpur (303, 13.58) | 128 (42.2) | 175 (57.8) | ||
| Sylhet (374, 16.76) | 194 (51.9) | 180 (48.1) | ||
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban (672, 30.12) | 347 (51.6) | 325 (48.4) | 5.864 | 0.015 |
| Rural (1559, 69.88) | 718 (46.1) | 841 (53.9) | ||
| Mothers’ education | ||||
| No education (424, 19.00) | 197 (46.5) | 227 (53.5) | 14.329 | 0.002 |
| Primary (727, 32.25) | 328 (45.1) | 399 (54.9) | ||
| Secondary (926, 41.50) | 445 (48.1) | 481 (51.9) | ||
| Higher (154, 6.90) | 95 (61.7) | 59 (38.3) | ||
| Children’s sex | ||||
| Male (1144, 51.28%) | 536 (46.9) | 608 (53.1) | 0.837 | 0.360 |
| Female (1087, 48.72%) | 530 (48.8) | 557 (51.2) | ||
| Maternal age (year) | ||||
| Age ≤ 20 (402, 18.02) | 148 (36.8) | 254 (63.2) | 23.797 | 0.001 |
| 21 ≤ Age ≤ 29 (1265, 56.70) | 630 (49.8) | 635 (50.2) | ||
| 30 ≤ Age ≤ 39 (500, 22.41) | 256 (51.2) | 244 (48.8) | ||
| Age ≥ 40 (64, 2.87) | 31 (48.4) | 33 (51.6) | ||
| Total number of children | ||||
| 1–2 children (1311, 58.77) | 618 (47.1) | 693 (52.9) | 1.567 | 0.457 |
| 3–5 children (787, 32.27) | 388 (49.3) | 399 (50.7) | ||
| 6 and more children (133, 5.96) | 59 (44.4) | 74 (55.6) | ||
| Religion | ||||
| Muslim (2017, 90.40) | 983 (48.7) | 1034 (51.3) | 8.417 | 0.004 |
| Non-Muslim (214, 9.60) | 82 (38.3) | 132 (61.7) | ||
| Household wealth index | ||||
| Poor (952, 42.67) | 392 (41.2) | 560 (58.8) | 34.772 | 0.001 |
| Middle (402, 18.02) | 191 (47.5) | 211 (52.5) | ||
| Rich (877, 39.30) | 482 (55.0) | 395 (45.0) | ||
| Mothers’ anemia status | ||||
| Non-anemic (1273, 57.06) | 696 (54.7) | 577 (45.3) | 57.191 | 0.001 |
| Anemic (958, 42.95) | 369 (38.5) | 589 (61.5) | ||
| Place of delivery | ||||
| Home (1669, 74.81) | 784 (47.0) | 885 (53.0) | 1.543 | 0.214 |
| Hospital/Clinic (562, 25.19) | 281 (50.0) | 281 (50.0) | ||
| Children’s birth weight | ||||
| Low Birth weight (392, 17.57) | 187 (47.7) | 205 (52.3) | 0.223 | 0.894 |
| Average (1521,68.17) | 730 (48.0) | 791 (52.0) | ||
| Larger than average (318, 14.25) | 148 (46.5) | 170 (53.5) | ||
| Children’s age (year) | ||||
| Age < 2 (732, 32.81) | 212 (29.0) | 520 (71.0) | 164.437 | 0.001 |
| 2 ≤ age < 3 (450, 20.17) | 231 (51.3) | 219 (48.7) | ||
| 3 ≤ age < 4 (536, 24.03) | 305 (56.9) | 231 (43.1) | ||
| 4 ≤ age < 5 (513, 22.91) | 317 (61.8) | 196 (38.2) | ||
| Family members | ||||
| ≤ 4 (654, 29.31) | 314 (46.0) | 340 (52.0) | 0.055 | 0.973 |
| 5–10 (1390, 62.30) | 663 (47.7) | 727 (52.3) | ||
| 11 ≥ (187, 8.38) | 88 (47.1) | 99 (52.9) | ||
| Toilet facilities | ||||
| Hygiene (1163, 52.13) | 593 (51.0) | 570 (49.0) | 10.301 | 0.001 |
| Unhygienic (1068, 47.87) | 472 (44.2) | 596 (55.8) | ||
| Children’s nutritional status | ||||
| Under weight (910, 40.79) | 419 (46.0) | 491 (54.0) | 24.816 | 0.001 |
| Normal (1230, 55.13) | 696 (56.6) | 534 (43.4) | ||
| Over weight (41, 1.84) | 25 (61.0) | 16 (39.0) | ||
| Obese (50, 2.24) | 30 (60.0) | 20 (40.0) | ||