Fig. 4.

A high-fructose diet causes colonic NLRP6 inflammasome dysfunction in C57BL/6N mice, which is ameliorated by SCFAs. Immunoblot analysis of NLRP6, NLRP3, and caspase-1 P10/P45 and IL-18 production (a, b) in colonic tissues of mice (n = 6), c cultured ex vivo colonic explants (n = 6), and d cultured mouse colon CT26 cells from three independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 indicate significant difference. C control group, F₁ eight-week fructose-fed group, F₂ 12-week fructose-fed group, AB antibiotics-treated group, S SCFAs-treated group, P pioglitazone-treated group, H histamine-treated group, G GW9662-treated group