Fig. 1.

A–D Detection of yellow fever virus (YFV) in serum and urine specimens from YFV-infected patients (YF-BJ1, YF-BJ3, YF-BJ4, and YF-BJ5) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results from sera and urine are indicated in blue and red, respectively. The green dotted line represents the detection threshold by qRT-PCR. The Ct values are shown in Supplementary Table S1. E–F Phylogeny of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and YFV isolates from patient sera and urine. Nucleotide sequences for the whole genome of YFV (E) and L gene of RVFV (F) were inferred by the Maximum Likelihood method with 1000 replicates using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0 (MEGA 6). Strains indicated with a red or blue diamond represent sequences obtained from urine and serum samples, respectively, from the current study. Strains indicated with solid black circles represent YFV vaccine 17D strains. Each branch in the phylogenetic tree was named as follows: GenBank accession number, strain name, country of isolation, and year of isolation.