Table 1.

Species divergence within nine IWP mangrove genera.

			% Divergencea
Genus	No. of species	No. of hybrids	Minimum	Maximum	Estimated divergence time (Myrs)b
Ceriops	5	1	0.28	2.10	0.97 ∼ 7.23
Rhizophora	3	3	0.28	1.50	1.20 ∼ 6.44
Sonneratia	6	4	0.70	3.75	1.25 ∼ 6.67
Avicennia	5 (7)c	1	0.80	3.70	1.31 ∼ 6.07
Aegiceras	2	0	2.14		1.66
Xylocarpus	3	0	1.88d		2.00
Lumnitzera	2	1	2.72		2.85
Kandelia	2	0	0.78		2.23
Bruguiera	6	1	0.99d		4.63

^aThe divergence level was estimated from 3–60 loci in each genus. Sequences were obtained from published studies or by ourselves and deposited in GenBank (see Supplementary Table 5, available as Supplementary Data at NSR online).

^bIn millions of years (Myrs). Divergence times were calculated as genetic divergence divided by the corresponding nucleotide substitution rate. The rate for Lumnitzera and Xylocarpus was estimated as 4.78 × 10⁻⁹/site/year based on internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosomal DNA [77]. We obtained whole-genome and/or whole-transcriptome data for the other genera from a separate study ([26] and He et al., unpublished data). The substitution rate for each genus was then inferred for the specific branches using PhyML [91] and PAML [92] in conjunction with fossil dating. A further adjustment was made to compensate for the different substitution rates between coding and non-coding regions (see Supplementary Table 6 and Supplementary Note, available as Supplementary Data at NSR online).

^cIf the three subspecies of Av. marina are counted separately, the number would be 7.

^dDivergence information is available for only one pair of species in this genus.