TABLE 2.
Mean attained size at 5 y of age and selected characteristics measured during the first 2 y of life by site (mean [SD] unless otherwise specified)1
| Southern Asia | Latin America | Sub-Saharan Africa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BGD | INV | NEB | BRF | PEL | SAV | TZH | |
| n | 186 | 207 | 122 | 99 | 145 | 132 | 126 |
| Outcomes | |||||||
| HAZ at 60 mo | −1.6 (0.9) | −1.5 (0.9) | −1.3 (0.9) | −0.2 (1.0) | −1.3 (0.8) | −0.9 (1.0) | −1.9 (0.9) |
| WAZ at 60 mo | −1.5 (1.0) | −1.6 (0.9) | −1.0 (0.8) | 0.3 (1.4) | −0.5 (1.0) | −0.8 (1.1) | −1.4 (0.8) |
| BMIZ at 60 mo | −0.8 (1.0) | −0.9 (0.9) | −0.3 (0.8) | 0.6 (1.5) | 0.5 (1.0) | −0.4 (1.4) | −0.3 (1.0) |
| WHZ at 60 mo | −0.9 (1.0) | −1.0 (1.0) | −0.3 (0.9) | 0.6 (1.5) | 0.4 (1.1) | −0.4 (1.4) | −0.4 (1.0) |
| Contributing factors | |||||||
| LAZ at enrollment | −1.0 (1.0) | −1.0 (1.1) | −0.7 (1.0) | −0.8 (1.2) | −1.0 (0.9) | −0.8 (1.0) | −1.0 (1.2) |
| WAZ at enrollment | −1.3 (0.9) | −1.3 (1.1) | −0.9 (1.0) | −0.1 (1.1) | −0.7 (0.9) | −0.4 (1.0) | −0.2 (1.0) |
| WLZ at enrollment | −1.1 (1.0) | −1.2 (1.1) | −0.9 (1.1) | 0.5 (1.3) | −0.0 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.3) | 0.7 (1.2) |
| WAMI | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) |
| Males, % | 91 (49) | 113 (55) | 66 (54) | 41 (41) | 66 (46) | 63 (48) | 65 (52) |
| Maternal height, cm | 149 (5.0) | 151 (5.0) | 150 (4.9) | 155 (6.7) | 150 (5.4) | 159 (6.6) | 156 (5.9) |
| Days of maternally reported illness per year | 193 (57) | 152 (65) | 61 (39) | 19 (15) | 21 (13) | 16 (12) | 38 (21) |
| Energy from complementary feeding, kcal/d | 357 (130) | 751 (220) | 436 (168) | 987 (198) | 742 (170) | 878 (185) | 1009 (182) |
| Protein intake from complementary feeding, g/d | 10 (4) | 22 (8) | 12 (5) | 41 (9) | 20 (5) | 28 (6) | 29 (6) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.4 (1.2) | 10.9 (0.9) | 10.4 (1.0) | 11.4 (1.3) | 11.1 (0.9) | 11.0 (1.1) | 11.1 (1.2) |
| Transferrin receptor, mg/L | 6.6 (2.8) | 4.5 (2.0) | 8.8 (2.8) | 9.7 (2.4) | 7.3 (2.0) | 4.0 (2.0) | 4.6 (1.9) |
| Ferritin, µg/L | 15.6 (9.9) | 13.9 (11.5) | 13.0 (10.4) | 19.8 (8.8) | 23.5 (18.0) | 22.9 (16.1) | 16.4 (11.1) |
| Pathogen density (number of pathogens per monthly stool sample) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.4) | 0.9 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.4) |
| Bacterial density (proportion of stool samples with bacteria) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.2) |
| Lactulose:mannitol z-score | 0.3 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.5) | −0.0 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.4 (0.7) |
| α-1-Antitrypsin, ng/mL | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.2) |
| Myeloperoxidase, ng/mol | 4380 (1834) | 7866 (3959) | 4166 (1880) | 3008 (2394) | 7950 (3878) | 4614 (1750) | 5511 (2520) |
| Neopterin, nmol/L | 1060 (471) | 1772 (653) | 1598 (459) | 1596 (541) | 2400 (858) | 3859 (1086) | 875 (500) |
1
Sites: BGD: Bangladesh—Dhaka; INV: India—Vellore; NEB: Nepal—Bhaktapur; BRF: Brazil—Fortaleza; PEL: Peru—Loreto; SAV: South Africa—Venda; TZH: Tanzania—Haydom.