Figure 1.

Influence of penguin group size (top panel) and total number of fish caught (bottom panel) by African penguins on the time elapsed since the onset of a dive bout to the first encounter (flight and at the surface) with volant seabird(s). Tests of both responses are modelled against the maximum group size (max. group size) of penguins observed during a dive bout and the maximum number observed during the first 5 min of a dive bout (initial group size). Fitted regressions estimated from linear mixed effects models are shown for first encounters with birds in flight and at the surface; dotted lines represent 95% confidence intervals.