Table 2.

Linear mixed effects model predictions for the influence of African penguin group size (maximum group size [max. group size] of penguins observed during a dive bout and the maximum number observed during the first 5 min of a dive bout [initial group size]) on the time elapsed to first encounters with volant seabirds. Encounter mode (surface versus flight) and total number of fish caught in a dive bout are included as explanatory variables. Coefficients (β), standard errors (s.e.), t-statistics and p-values (significant values at 5% in italics) are given.

group size variable	explanatory	β	s.e.	t	p
max. group size	group size	−0.03	0.01	−2.24	0.03
max. group size	mode (surface)	0.2	0.23	0.88	0.38
max. group size	catch	0.03	0.01	3.08	0.003
initial group size	group size	−0.05	0.01	−3.3	0.002
initial group size	mode (surface)	0.22	0.22	1.03	0.31
initial group size	catch	0.02	0.01	2.59	0.01