Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Authors and year | Country | Research design | N | Sample characteristics | Age (mean, SD) | Gender - male N (%) | Alexithymia measure | Suicide ideation measure | Suicide behaviour measure | Suicide risk measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carano et al. (2012) | Italy | Cross-sectional | 80 | Binge eating disorder outpatients | 39.5 (8.2) | 38 (48%) | TAS-20 | SSI | History taking – lifetime attempt | |
| Chang et al. (2016) | Taiwan | Case-control | 1077 | Suicide attempt / threat patients, controls | 39.0 (16.4) | 446 (41%) | TAS-20 | BSRS | Clinical records – lifetime attempt | |
| De Berardis, Campanella, et al. (2013) | Italy | Cross-sectional | 72 | Panic disorder outpatients | 25.3 (3.3) | 37 (51%) | TAS-20 | SSI | ||
| De Berardis, Conti, et al. (2013) | Italy | Cross-sectional | 30 | Non-affective psychosis patients | 25.9 (6.0) | 13 (43%) | TAS-20 | SSI | ||
| De Berardis et al. (2008) | Italy | Cross-sectional | 145 | Major depression outpatients | 28,5 (5.7) | 69 (48%) | TAS-20 | SSI | ||
| De Berardis et al. (2017) | Italy | Cross-sectional | 70 | GAD outpatients | 28.2 (5.3) | 34 (49%) | TAS-20 | SSI | ||
| De Berardis et al. (2015) | Italy | Cross-sectional | 104 | OCD outpatients | 32.1 (8.0) | 52 (50%) | TAS-20 | SSI | ||
| De Berardis et al. (2014) | Italy | Case-control | 79 | OCD outpatients, controls | 28.7 (8.0) | 43 (54%) | TAS-20 | SSI | ||
| Evren and Evren (2006) | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 154 | Substance dependent patients | 31.9 (11.7) | 154 (100%) | TAS-20 | CANQ – lifetime attempt | ||
| Evren et al. (2009) | Turkey | Cross-sectional | 159 | Substance dependent patients | 36.9 (8.4) | 159 (100%) | TAS-20 | CANQ – lifetime attempt | ||
| Ghorbani et al. (2017) | Iran | Case-control | 305 | Alcoholic outpatients, controls | 33.4 (10.3) | 214 (70%) | TAS-20 | SSI | History taking – lifetime attempt | |
| Gulec et al. (2014) | Turkey | Case-control | 144 | Conversion disorder patients, controls | Not reported (age range 18–64) | 29 (20%) | TAS-20 | Clinical records – lifetime attempt | ||
| Hamilton (2003) | USA | Cross-sectional | 103 | Undergraduate students | 20.6 | 22 (21%) | TAS-26 | SPS | ||
| Haviland et al. (1988) | USA | Cross-sectional | 125 | Substance dependent in-patients | 40.8 (11.2) | 125 (100%) | TAS-26 | History taking – lifetime attempt | ||
| Hintikka et al. (2004) | Finland | Longitudinal | 1563 | General population | 45.1 (10.5) | 649 (42%) | TAS-20 | BDI item 9 | ||
| Huang et al. (2016) | Taiwan | Case-control | 455 | Maladjusted soldiers, controls | 21.9 (4.5) | 429 (95%) | TAS-20 | BSRS | ||
| Iancu et al. (2001) | Israel | Case-control | 66 | Panic disorder outpatients, controls | 44.3 (11.7) | 26 (40%) | TAS-26 | SRS | ||
| Iancu et al. (1999) | Israel | Case-control | 60 | Major depression patients, controls | 35 (15.7) | 30 (50%) | TAS-26 | Clinical records – hospitalised for suicide attempt | ||
| Izci et al. (2015) | Turkey | Case-control | 149 | Depression patients, controls | 41.4 (12.6) | 59 (59%) | TAS-20 | SfSI | History taking - lifetime attempt | |
| Kampfer et al. (2016) | Germany | Cross-sectional | 155 | Somatoform disorder patients | 42.2 (15.7) | 66 (43%) | TAS-20 | History taking – lifetime attempt | ||
| Kim et al. (2016) | Korea | Cross-sectional | 81 | OCD patients | 28.9 (7.6) | 50 (62%) | TAS-20 | SSI | History taking – lifetime attempt | |
| Kusevic et al. (2015) | Croatia | Cross-sectional | 127 | War veterans with PTSD | 48.1 (6.6) | 127 (100%) | TAS-20 | History taking – lifetime attempt | ||
| Laget et al. (2006) | Switzerland | Case-control | 570 | Suicide attempt patients, controls | 27 (8.5) | 225 (40%) | TAS-20 | Hospitalised suicide attempt patients | ||
| Lester (1991) | USA | Cross-sectional | 127 | Undergraduate students | 21.3 (3.9) | 54 (43%) | TAS-26 | BDI item 9 | History taking – lifetime attempt | |
| Levi et al. (2008) | Israel | Case-control | 173 | Suicide attempt patients, controls | 37.5 (14.3) | 86 (50%) | TAS-20 | Hospitalised suicide attempt patients | ||
| Links et al. (2012) | Canada | Longitudinal | 120 | Psychiatric ward discharged patients | 37.5 (11.1) | 63 (53%) | TAS-20 | SSI | PHI – attempts in the past year | |
| Loas et al. (2016) | France | Cross-sectional | 122 | Inpatients with mood or anxiety disorder | 44.6 (13.5) | 33 (27%) | TAS-20 | BDI item 9 | ||
| Loftis (2014) | USA | Cross-sectional | 550 | Undergraduate students | 20.5 (3.6) | 272 (50%) | TAS-20 | SBQ-R | ||
| Meaney et al. (2016) | Australia | Cross-sectional | 2261 | Undergraduate students | 24.8 (8.1) | 619 (27%) | TAS-20 | BSL-supplement – attempts in past week | ||
| Na et al. (2013) | Korea | Case-control | 276 | Adjustment disorder soldiers, controls | 20.9 (1.4) | 276 (100%) | TAS-20 | Clinical records – attempts since joining armed forces | ||
| Rogers (2015) | USA | Cross-sectional | 99 | Psychiatric inpatients | 40.6 (12.0) | 0 (0%) | TAS-20 | SADS – attempts in past 6 months | ||
| Sakuraba et al. (2005) | Japan | Case-control | 164 | Alcoholic patients, controls | 53.9 (7.7) | 164 (100%) | TAS-26 | SSI | ||
| Sayar et al. (2003) | Turkey | Case-control | 160 | Suicide attempt patients, controls | 25.0 (8.3) | 26 (23%) | TAS-26 | ZSDS item 19 | History taking – lifetime attempt | |
| Wood et al. (2010) | UK | Case-control | 179 | Traumatic brain injury patients, controls | 28.2 (15.0) | 118 (66%) | TAS-20 | BDI item 9 |
BDI = Beck Depression Inventory, BSL-supplement = Borderline Symptom List-supplement: Items for assessing behaviour, BSRS = Brief Symptom Rating Scale, CANQ = Childhood Abuse and Neglect Questionnaire, ISS = Intent Score Scale, LRS = Lethality Rating Scale, PHI = Parasuicide History Inventory, SADS = Schedule of Affective Disorders for Schizophrenia Suicide Module, SBQ-R = Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised, SfSI = Scale for Suicide Ideation, SIS = Suicide Intent Scale, SLS = Suicide Lethality Scale, SPS = Suicide Probability Scale, SRS = Suicide Risk Scale, SSI = Scale of Suicidal Ideation, TAS = Toronto Alexithymia Scale, ZSDS = Zung Self-rating Depression Scale.