Effects of an anoxic challenge on juvenile turtle ventricular cardiomyocyte diastolic and systolic Ca2+ levels. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from juvenile turtles that embryonically developed in either normoxia (N21) or chronic hypoxia (H10). Representative traces of normalized Ca2+ transients from (a) N21 and (b) H10 cardiomyocytes demonstrate the effects of normoxia, anoxia and reoxygenation (see legend for colour codes) on transient shape, amplitude and duration. (c) Diastolic and (d) systolic intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Statistical significances are indicated by letters, for within-group differences (abN21 and ABH10), and asterisks, for between-group differences (*N21 versus H10). Values are means ± s.e.m. (n = 9–10 and 10–11, for N21 and H10, respectively) and significant when p ≤ 0.05. (Online version in colour.)