Noggin expression in tissue, and effect of Noggin on adipose-derived progenitor cells (DFAT cells) in vitro. (A) Noggin expression in white and brown fat depots compared to the axillary depot. (B) Immunofluorescence for Noggin (green) in subcutaneous WAT; co-stained with the endothelial marker CD31 (red). DAPI (blue) was used to visualize nuclei (bars, 100 μm). (C) Expression of Noggin, BMP4, BMP7 and MGP in white ASCs fractions obtained by FACS using antibodies to CD31 and CD34, compared to white adipocytes, as determined by qPCR. (D, E) DFAT cells derived from WAT were treated for 12 days with control (vehicle or non-specific IgG), BMP4, Noggin and anti-Noggin antibodies in adipogenic medium. (D) The cells were stained by Oil Red O, and (E) expression of adipogenic markers and the stem cell marker Oct3/4 was determined by qPCR. *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001.