3D	three-dimensional
7-AAD	7-aminoactinomycin D
AP-1	activator protein-1
cAMP	cyclic cyclic adenosine monophosphate
DMEM	Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium
DMSO	dimethyl sulfoxide
EGF	epidermal growth factor
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FBS	fetal bovine serum
FITC	fluorescein isothiocyanate
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LDLR	low-density-lipoprotein receptor
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
MTT	3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells
pN-ColIα1	pro-collagen α1(I) N-propeptide
RIPA	radio-immunoprecipitation assay
ROS	reactive oxygen species
TNF	tumor necrosis factor