Table 3.

Synthetic antimicrobial polymers mimicking peptides activities against ESKAPE pathogens.

Polymers	Class	Description	Susceptibility						Haemolytic Activity	References
			E	S	K	A	P	E
Idolidicin variants	Peptide	A 13-residue cationic antimicrobial peptide (sequence carboxy-terminal amidated ILPWKWPWWPWRR-NH2)		BC					High	[66,73]
Gratisin analogues	Peptide	cyclo(-Val1-Orn2-Leu3-d-Phe4-Pro5-d-Tyr6-)2		BS			BS		Low	[69]
LL-37	Peptide	A cathelin-associated antimicrobial peptide		BS			BS		None	[74]
α/β-Peptides	Peptide	Helix-forming α/β-peptides, i.e., oligomers containing a 1:1 pattern of α- and β- amino acid residues in the backbone	BS	BS					None	[75]
cecropin/melittin	Peptide	Hybrid peptide produced by recombinant DNA technology in S. aureus					BC		NA	[76]
Maleic anhydride copolymers	Peptide mimics	Peptides Mimicking Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and 4-Methyl-1-pentene		None			None		High	[77]
Brilacidin	Peptide mimics	also known as PMX-30063, a defensin-mimetic and a membrane-targeting arylamide oligomer		BC					NA	[71]
cecropin/melittin	Synthetic peptide	Recombinant hybrid peptide					BC		NA	[76]
LL-37LTX 109	Peptide mimics	a synthetic antimicrobial peptidomimetic containing a modified tryptophan derivate as lipophilic bulk, displayed a combination of high antibacterial activity against MRSA and Staphylococcus spp. biofilm		BC			BS		Low	[78]
poly(m-phenylene ethynylene)s	Peptide mimics	Nonhemolytic abiogenic polymers	BS	BS	BS	BS	BS	BS	Low	[79]
Pandinin 2	Peptide Variants	A scorpion venom AMP contains a central proline residue		BC					High	[80]
Pyridinium Functionalized Polynorbornenes	Synthetic peptide	Amphiphilic polyoxanorbornene with different quaternary alkyl pyridinium side-chains		BS					NA	[81]
Amino-Functionalized Poly(norbornene)	Synthetic peptide	Homopolymers of the amine bearing monomers and random copolymers of amine- and alkyl-substituted monomers of high average molar mass was produced by ring-opening metathesis polymerization.		BS			BS		None	[82]

Note: ESKAPE—Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.; antibacterial effect: BC—Bactericidal, BS—Bacteriostatic. Colour code for toxicity: White—data not available, Green—No haemolytic activity detected, Yellow—low haemolytic activity, Red—High haemolytic activity.