Table 1.
The considered solvents for the preparation of extracts from different parts of the walnut tree and its fruit.
No | Solvent | Part | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Water | Fruit | Kernel | [28,69,70,136,137,138,139] |
Shell | [56], [140]25, [141]25 | |||
Husk | [18,56,73,103,142,143] | |||
Other parts | Leaf | [78]25, [109], [144]24, [145,146], [147]25, [148,149], [150]28 | ||
Bark | [128], [151]32, [152,153] | |||
Stem | [148] | |||
2 | Ethanol | Fruit | Kernel | [28]9, [137], [154]16, [155]11, [156]11, [157]4, [158]34 |
Skin | [154]16, [159]35 | |||
Shell | [24]4, [140,141], [158]34 | |||
Husk | [18], [103]4, [142], [158]34, [160]6, [161], [162]4 | |||
Other parts | Leaf | [104]30, [110]6, [145], [149], [158]34, [162]4, [163]31, [164]22, [165]23, [166]22, [167]26, [168,169], [170]20, [171,172], [173]6 | ||
Bark | [128,151], [174]2 | |||
Stem | [158]34 | |||
Root | [21] | |||
3 | Methanol | Fruit | Kernel | [27,66,67,131,132,133,134,135,138], [154]17, [175], [176]12, [177], [178]12, [179]14, [180]15, [181]12, [182] |
Skin | [66,67], [154]16 | |||
Shell | [56,67,140,141,183] | |||
Husk | [18,56,67,71], [103]5, [131,182], [184,185], | |||
Other parts | Leaf | [77,112,131,145,146,148,165,185,186], [187]27, [188,189,190,191], [192]21, [193,194] | ||
Shoot | [80], [81]37, [82]37 | |||
Bark | [124,151,152,195,196], [197]33, [198]3 | |||
Stem | [148] | |||
Root | [129] | |||
4 | Ethyl acetate | Fruit | Kernel | [70] |
Shell | [56,140,141] | |||
Husk | [18,56,142] | |||
Other parts | Leaf | [165] | ||
Bark | [124,152,195] | |||
Root | [129] | |||
5 | Acetone | Fruit | Kernel | [16]18, [25]10, [46]18, [138], [199]8, [200]13, [201]7, [202]19, |
Shell | [183] | |||
Husk | [18], [102]7, [203]7 | |||
Other parts | Leaf | [145,204] | ||
Bark | [124]1, [151], [152]1, [153], [195]8 | |||
6 | Hexane | Fruit | Husk | [18] |
Other parts | Leaf | [165], [205]29 | ||
Bark | [196] | |||
Root | [129] | |||
7 | Dichloromethane | Fruit | Shell | [56] |
Husk | [56] | |||
8 | Petroleum ether | Fruit | Kernel | [70,131] |
Husk | [131,142] | |||
Other parts | Leaf | [131] | ||
Bark | [151] | |||
9 | Chloroform | Fruit | Shell | [140,141] |
Husk | [142] | |||
Other parts | Leaf | [79,165] | ||
Bark | [151,196] | |||
10 | n-Butanol | Fruit | Kernel | [68,70] |
Shell | [140,141] | |||
11 | Benzene | Other parts | Leaf | [145] |
Bark | [151] | |||
12 | Cyclohexane | Other parts | Leaf | [171] |
1 in diluted form; 2 80% (400 mL ethanol 96% + 100 mL water); 3 70% aqueous acetone; 4 50% aqueous ethanol; 5 50% aqueous methanol; 6 70% ethanol; 7 acetone/water (v/v, 70/30); 8 acetone:water (80:20; v/v); 9 96%; 10 chilled 80% acetone (1:8, w/w); 11 ethanol:water (4:1, v/v); 12 methanol:water (70:30); 13 acetone:water (60:40; v/v); 14 80% methanol (1:2 w/v, 3×); 15 methanol/water (60:40, v/v); 16 ethanol/water (7:3, v/v); 17 methanol/water (6:4, v/v); 18 75% acetone + 25% of 526 µmol/L sodium metabisulfite; 19 100 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.8/acetone (30:70, v/v); 20 hydroethanolic (20 to 70% v/v); 21 80% methanol (v/v); 22 80% ethanol; 23 ethanol:water (80:20); 24 acidified water (pH 2 with HCl); 25 boiling water; 26 60% ethanol; 27 60% methanol; 28 20% water (w/w) and choline chloride with butyric or phenylpropionic acid (mole ratio 1:2); 29 95% hexane; 30 61% ethanol; 31 ethanol:water (4:6); 32 distilled water; 33 99.5% methanol; 34 95% ethanol (v/v); 35 ethanol:water (4:6); 36 50 or 70% ethanol; 37 80% methanol.