Table 1.
Genes compared between white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of lean and obese male mice using RNA sequencing data.
| Gene Categories | Genes | WAT | BAT | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lean | Obese | Lean | Obese | ||
| thermogenesis | uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) | Low | Low | High | High |
| Brown adipocyte precursors | myogenic factor 6 (Myf6) | Low | NS | High | NS − |
| sarcoglycan gamma (Sgcg) | |||||
| tropomyosin β (Tpm2) | Low | Low | High | High − | |
| WAT adipokines | leptin (Lep) | NS | High + | NS | low |
| adiponectin (Adipoq) | NS | High | NS | low | |
| BAT batokines | interleukin 6 (Il6) | Low | Low | High | High |
| fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) | NS | NS − | NS | NS | |
| Sympathetic nerve | tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) | Low | NS/ND | High | NS |
| Sensory nerve | calcitonin gene-related peptide (Calca) | NS | High | NS | Low |
| Parasympathetic nerve | vesicular acetylcholine transporter (Slc18a3) | ND | |||
| Lipolysis | hormone-sensitive lipase (Lipe) | NS | High | NS | Low |
| Fatty acid oxidation | carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1b) | Low | Low | High | High + |
Obese mice fed with a high-fat diet had three times of adiposity comparing to the lean mice fed with a low-fat diet for four weeks. Approximately 30 million of single-end sequencing reads were retrieved from each WAT and BAT sample and aligned to the mouse genome (ENSEMBL 84 release, GRCm38.p4) [12]. The sequence data are available at a publicly accessible database, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/info/seq.html). The accession numbers are GSE112740 for BAT samples and GSE112999 for WAT samples. The differentially expressed genes between lean and obese mice were analyzed using DESeq2 package in R statistical language. Threshold for differential expressed genes is absolute value log2 fold change > 1.5 and Padj < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Low: at least one type of WAT has significantly lower expression than BAT. High: at least one type of WAT has significantly higher expression than BAT. NS: not significantly different expression between BAT and any type of WAT. ND: Not detected. +: upregulated in obese mice. −: downregulated in obese mice.