Table 1.
Characteristics of Depressed Participants and Healthy Controls (N = 37)
| Characteristic | Healthy Controls (n = 22) | Depressed Participants (n = 15) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | |||
| Mean (SD) | 13.8 (2.2) | 15.4 (1.2) | .01 |
| Range | 9–17 | 13–17 | |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 11 (50) | 6 (40) | .55 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | .02 | ||
| White | 8 (36) | 13 (87) | |
| Black | 11 (50) | 1 (7) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 2 (9) | 1 (7) | |
| Right handedness, No. (%) | 20 (91) | 13 (87) | .68 |
| Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, No. (%) | — | — | |
| ADHD | 5 (33) | ||
| GAD | 2 (13) | ||
| PTSD | 2 (13) | ||
| Dysthymia | 2 (13) | ||
| Substance useb | 2 (13) | ||
| Otherc | 3 (20) | ||
| Family history of psychiatric illness, No. (%) | 0 (0) | 14 (93) | |
| CDRS-R | <.001 | ||
| Mean (SD) | 19.6 (1.6) | 53.7 (7.9) | |
| Range | 17–24 | 42–66 | |
| CGI-S | — | — | |
| Mean (SD) | 5.0 (0.8) | ||
| Range | 4–6 | ||
| Current mood episode duration, y | — | — | |
| Mean (SD) | 1.3 (1.8) | ||
| Range | 0.1–7.0 | ||
| Previous mood episode(s), No. (%) | — | 4 (27) | — |
| Medications after initial assessments (n = 10) | — | — | |
| Fluoxetine | 8 (80) | ||
| Bupropion | 1 (10) | ||
| Escitalopram | 1 (10) |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CDRS-R, Children’s Depression Rating Scale, Revised; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression–Severity; DSM-IV-TR, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; K-SADS-PL, Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children−Present and Lifetime Version; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.
a χ2 or t test.
b Cannabis use, not meeting DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for cannabis abuse or dependence on K-SADS-PL.
c Tic disorder (n = 1), prenatal alcohol exposure (n = 1), history of concussions (n = 1).