Table 2.

Electroporation and sonoporation as non-viral methods of transfer of genetic material in gene therapies.

Method for Genetic Material Introduction	Method of Application	Advantages	Limitations
Electroporation	Uses an electric current pulse to form a transient branches in the cell membrane	Highly effective, reproducible, directed gene transfer, the possibility of transferring the DNA macromolecule	Impossible to use on a large area; requires surgical intervention when transfer to internal organs; the use of high voltage can disturb the DNA
Sonoporation	Uses ultrasounds to induce a transient state of cell membrane permeability	Harmless, non-invasive, DNA transfer into internal organs without the need for surgical procedure	Low efficiency