Table 3.

Significance of medical foods in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Brand Name	Ingredients	Mechanism of Action	Significance	References
Axona	Caprylic triglyceride	Caprylic acid to ketone bodies metabolism provided an alternative energy source for neurons with compromised glucose utilization	Cause significant increase in serum ketone bodies 2 h after administration. A significant difference was found between Axona and placebo groups in mean change from baseline in ADAS-cog score on days 45 and 90 of administration (Axona group improving and controls worsening)	[28]
Souvenaid	Omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid), vitamins B6, B12, C, and E, choline, folic acid, selenium, uridine monophosphate, phospholipids	Effects on deficits in neuronal membrane composition and function as well as improvement of synapse formation	A significant improvement was found in delayed verbal recall and unchanged clinical outcomes after daily administration for 12 weeks.	[121]
			A significant improvement in memory domain function was found and assessed with a neuropsychological test battery	[123]
CrerefolinNAC	L-methylfolate, methylcobalamin, N-acetyl-cysteine	Effects on metabolic imbalances and neurovascular oxidative stress in hyper-homocysteinemia	A significant decrease in hippocampal and cortical atrophy rates were found in participants with both AD and hyperhomocysteinemia	[122]