| ALK-1 | Activin receptor-like kinase 1 |
| ALS | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| ALSFRS-R | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale-revised |
| bFGF | Basic fibroblast growth factor |
| C9ORF72 | Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 |
| CCL | C-C motif chemokine ligand |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| CSFs | Colony stimulating factors |
| CXCL | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand |
| CXC5R | C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 |
| DPR | Disease progression rate |
| DTI | Diffusion tensor imaging |
| FUS | Fused in sarcoma |
| G-CSF | Granulocyte colony stimulating factor |
| GITR | Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein |
| GM-CSF | Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor |
| IL | Interleukin |
| IFN | Interferons |
| IgG | Immunoglobulin G |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 |
| miRNAs | microRNAs |
| MIP | Macrophage inflammatory protein |
| MN(s) | Motor neuron(s) |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| MRS | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| NFs | Neurofilaments |
| NFH | Neurofilament heavy chain |
| NFL | Neurofilament light chain |
| OND | Other non-inflammatory neurological disorders |
| p75ECD | Extracellular domain of p75 neurotrophin receptor |
| PDGF-BB | Platelet-derived growth factor BB |
| PET | Positron emission tomography |
| RANKL | Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SOD1 | Superoxide dismutase 1 |
| TDP-43 | TAR DNA binding protein 43 |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor beta |
| TG | Transgenic |
| Th | T helper |
| TMS | Transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| TNFRSF | TNF receptor superfamily member |
| TNFSF | TNF superfamily member |
| Treg | Regulatory T cell |
| TROY | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| WT | Wildtype |