Table 1.

Four Most Commonly Funded Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program Models.

Program	No. of states/territories	Target population	Home visitor credentials	Mode and length of service delivery	Average annual cost per family
Nurse–Family Partnership	39	Low-income pregnant (<28 weeks) women with no previous live births	Baccalaureate prepared registered nurses	Pregnancy—24 months; weekly until 6 weeks of age then every other week until 20 months, then monthly until 24 months	$4,100 (2011 dollars)
Healthy Families America	36	Prenatal or up to 3 months postnatal; target population selected by local site	Paraprofessionals (74% college graduates or have some college education)	Weekly home visits until 6 months of age; less frequent as indicated until 3–5 years of age	$3,577–$4,473 (2014 dollars)
Parents as Teachers	34	Eligibility criteria determined by site	Minimum of high school diploma or equivalency certificate and 2 years supervised experience working with young children or parents	Pregnancy to kindergarten entry; at least 12 visits per year, frequency based on family needs; also includes parent education groups	$2,575–$6,000 (2016 dollars)
Early Head Start-Home Visiting	14	Pregnant women and children under 3 years of age, must be at or below the federal poverty level	Information not available	One visit per week and group socialization activities twice per month; pregnancy or birth to 3 years of age	$9,000–$12,000 (2012 dollars)

Note. Reported annual costs per most recent HomVEE (2017) data. Additional information received from Olds (2006), Prevent Child Abuse America (2015), Parents as Teachers National Center (2015), and HomVEE (2016).