Table 2.
Comparison of driver characteristics over the six periods
| Variables | Period 1 | Period 2 | Period 3 | Period 4 | Period 5 | Period 6 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Tota | 40,657 | 32,028 | 33,395 | 36,683 | 30,757 | 27,977 | ||||||
| Age * | ||||||||||||
| ≤ 24 years | 10,113 | 24.9 | 7756 | 24.2 | 7360 | 22.0 | 8008 | 21.8 | 6393 | 20.8 | 5452 | 19.5 |
| 25–44 years | 17,921 | 44.1 | 14,233 | 44.4 | 15,186 | 45.5 | 16,093 | 43.9 | 13,112 | 42.6 | 11,708 | 41.9 |
| 45–64 years | 9929 | 24.4 | 7857 | 24.5 | 8614 | 25.8 | 9856 | 26.9 | 8671 | 28.2 | 8147 | 29.1 |
| ≥ 65 years | 2694 | 6.6 | 2182 | 6.8 | 2235 | 6.7 | 2726 | 7.4 | 2581 | 8.4 | 2670 | 9.5 |
| Gender* | ||||||||||||
| Men | 27,904 | 68.6 | 21,866 | 68.3 | 23,581 | 70.6 | 25,463 | 69.4 | 21,557 | 70.1 | 19,701 | 70.4 |
| Women | 12,753 | 31.4 | 10,162 | 31.7 | 9814 | 29.4 | 11,220 | 30.6 | 9200 | 29.9 | 8276 | 29.6 |
| Socioeconomic category * | ||||||||||||
| Professional driver | 1383 | 3.4 | 900 | 2.8 | 984 | 2.9 | 1134 | 3.1 | 1128 | 3.7 | 1422 | 5.1 |
| Farmer | 212 | 0.5 | 174 | 0.5 | 166 | 0.5 | 224 | 0.6 | 228 | 0.7 | 235 | 0.8 |
| Craftsman, shopkeeper, independant profession | 1290 | 3.2 | 1150 | 3.6 | 1380 | 4.1 | 1668 | 4.5 | 1364 | 4.4 | 1204 | 4.3 |
| High managerial and professional occupation | 1518 | 3.7 | 1266 | 4.0 | 1789 | 5.4 | 1801 | 4.9 | 1553 | 5.0 | 1401 | 5.0 |
| Middle manager, employee | 10,954 | 26.9 | 8921 | 27.9 | 9709 | 29.1 | 10,425 | 28.4 | 8555 | 27.8 | 7394 | 26.4 |
| Worker | 6463 | 15.9 | 5424 | 16.9 | 5011 | 15.0 | 5365 | 14.6 | 4261 | 13.9 | 3603 | 12.9 |
| Retired | 3437 | 8.5 | 3012 | 9.4 | 3077 | 9.2 | 3624 | 9.9 | 3195 | 10.4 | 3153 | 11.3 |
| Unemployed | 1808 | 4.4 | 1213 | 3.8 | 1476 | 4.4 | 1692 | 4.6 | 1387 | 4.5 | 1288 | 4.6 |
| Other/missing | 9215 | 22.7 | 6799 | 21.2 | 7402 | 22.2 | 8125 | 22.1 | 6967 | 22.7 | 6424 | 23.0 |
| Student | 4377 | 10.8 | 3169 | 9.9 | 2401 | 7.2 | 2625 | 7.2 | 2119 | 6.9 | 1853 | 6.6 |
| Injury severity * | ||||||||||||
| Unhurt | 10,365 | 25.5 | 8728 | 27.3 | 10,122 | 30.3 | 11,643 | 31.7 | 9625 | 31.3 | 8555 | 30.6 |
| Killed | 861 | 2.1 | 540 | 1.7 | 485 | 1.5 | 529 | 1.4 | 358 | 1.2 | 421 | 1.5 |
| Seriously injured | 14,856 | 36.5 | 11,008 | 34.4 | 9909 | 29.7 | 11,217 | 30.6 | 10,141 | 33.0 | 9675 | 34.6 |
| Slightly injured | 14,575 | 35.8 | 11,752 | 36.7 | 12,879 | 38.6 | 13,294 | 36.2 | 10,633 | 34.6 | 9326 | 33.3 |
| Alcohol (g/l) * | ||||||||||||
| < 0.5 | 32,207 | 79.2 | 26,275 | 82.0 | 26,946 | 80.7 | 29,994 | 81.8 | 25,690 | 83.5 | 23,517 | 84.1 |
| [0.5–0.8[ | 281 | 0.7 | 193 | 0.6 | 134 | 0.4 | 135 | 0.4 | 219 | 0.7 | 169 | 0.6 |
| [0.8–1.2[ | 379 | 0.9 | 332 | 1.0 | 264 | 0.8 | 349 | 1.0 | 324 | 1.1 | 271 | 1.0 |
| [1.2–2.0[ | 946 | 2.3 | 710 | 2.2 | 633 | 1.9 | 772 | 2.1 | 712 | 2.3 | 609 | 2.2 |
| ≥ 2.0 | 767 | 1.9 | 676 | 2.1 | 612 | 1.8 | 641 | 1.7 | 528 | 1.7 | 422 | 1.5 |
| Missing | 6077 | 15.0 | 3842 | 12.0 | 4806 | 14.4 | 4792 | 13.1 | 3284 | 10.7 | 2989 | 10.7 |
| Day * | ||||||||||||
| Monday – Friday | 30,236 | 74.4 | 23,649 | 73.8 | 25,192 | 75.4 | 27,593 | 75.2 | 23,110 | 75.1 | 20,899 | 74.7 |
| Saturday | 5826 | 14.3 | 4739 | 14.8 | 4614 | 13.8 | 5135 | 14.0 | 4165 | 13.5 | 3764 | 13.5 |
| Sunday | 4595 | 11.3 | 3640 | 11.4 | 3589 | 10.7 | 3955 | 10.8 | 3482 | 11.3 | 3314 | 11.8 |
| Time of day * | ||||||||||||
| [5–10] | 9084 | 22.3 | 7496 | 23.4 | 7918 | 23.7 | 8674 | 23.6 | 7397 | 24.0 | 7089 | 25.3 |
| [11–13] | 6352 | 15.6 | 5078 | 15.9 | 5208 | 15.6 | 5577 | 15.2 | 4783 | 15.6 | 4409 | 15.8 |
| [14–19] | 18,289 | 45.0 | 14,451 | 45.1 | 14,887 | 44.6 | 16,815 | 45.8 | 14,027 | 45.6 | 12,544 | 44.8 |
| [20–22] | 3962 | 9.7 | 2974 | 9.3 | 3220 | 9.6 | 3360 | 9.2 | 2720 | 8.8 | 2369 | 8.5 |
| [23–1] | 1879 | 4.6 | 1275 | 4.0 | 1420 | 4.3 | 1385 | 3.8 | 1122 | 3.6 | 944 | 3.4 |
| [2–4] | 1091 | 2.7 | 754 | 2.4 | 742 | 2.2 | 872 | 2.4 | 708 | 2.3 | 622 | 2.2 |
| Vehicle type * | ||||||||||||
| Bicycle | 2185 | 5.4 | 1682 | 5.3 | 1851 | 5.5 | 1876 | 5.1 | 1752 | 5.7 | 1632 | 5.8 |
| Scooter | 5842 | 14.4 | 4257 | 13.3 | 3692 | 11.1 | 3510 | 9.6 | 2564 | 8.3 | 1938 | 6.9 |
| Motorbike | 5670 | 13.9 | 4788 | 14.9 | 6606 | 19.8 | 6814 | 18.6 | 5651 | 18.4 | 5152 | 18.4 |
| Light vehicle | 24,132 | 59.4 | 18,660 | 58.3 | 18,431 | 55.2 | 21,182 | 57.7 | 17,717 | 57.6 | 16,312 | 58.3 |
| Commercial vehicle | 1185 | 2.9 | 1365 | 4.3 | 1598 | 4.8 | 1820 | 5.0 | 1695 | 5.5 | 1653 | 5.9 |
| Heavy goods vehicle | 793 | 2.0 | 549 | 1.7 | 560 | 1.7 | 677 | 1.8 | 648 | 2.1 | 610 | 2.2 |
| Other | 850 | 2.1 | 727 | 2.3 | 657 | 2.0 | 804 | 2.2 | 730 | 2.4 | 680 | 2.4 |
| Crash location * | ||||||||||||
| Extra-urban | 18,025 | 44.3 | 13,951 | 43.6 | 12,410 | 37.2 | 15,566 | 42.4 | 14,416 | 46.9 | 14,405 | 51.5 |
| 1–5000 inhabitants | 4498 | 11.1 | 3254 | 10.2 | 2828 | 8.5 | 3505 | 9.6 | 3327 | 10.8 | 3110 | 11.1 |
| 5001–50,000 inhabitants | 9854 | 24.2 | 8235 | 25.7 | 7073 | 21.2 | 7593 | 20.7 | 5602 | 18.2 | 4962 | 17.7 |
| 50,001–300,000 inhabitants | 6757 | 16.6 | 5431 | 17.0 | 4806 | 14.4 | 4915 | 13.4 | 3365 | 10.9 | 3679 | 13.2 |
| ≥ 300,000 inhabitants | 1523 | 3.7 | 1157 | 3.6 | 6278 | 18.8 | 5104 | 13.9 | 4047 | 13.2 | 1821 | 6.5 |
| Responsible * | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 19,580 | 48.2 | 15,316 | 47.8 | 16,182 | 48.5 | 18,275 | 49.8 | 15,198 | 49.4 | 13,385 | 47.8 |
| Level 2 prescription drugsǂ* | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 4655 | 11.4 | 3613 | 11.3 | 3816 | 11.4 | 4486 | 12.2 | 3465 | 11.3 | 3121 | 11.2 |
| Level 3 prescription drugsǂ* | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1116 | 2.7 | 866 | 2.7 | 850 | 2.5 | 1024 | 2.8 | 1013 | 3.3 | 890 | 3.2 |
| Long-term chronic diseases * | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 3407 | 8.4 | 2826 | 8.8 | 3048 | 9.1 | 3656 | 10.0 | 3457 | 11.2 | 3278 | 11.7 |
ǂ Risk level for driving impairment.
* p < 0.0001 (Chi-squared test)