Table 3.

Combining vital rate change and catastrophes (scenarios 1 and 4)

	Mortality scalar
Child (Zqc)	1				2				3				4				5
Adult (Zqa)	1	5	10	20	1	5	10	20	1	5	10	20	1	5	10	20	1	5	10	20
Baseline	Critical catastrophe interval T, y
Zq (TFR = 5)
1.15	*	13	30	64	7	21	38	72	15	29	46	80	23	37	54	88	28	41	58	92
1.20	*	17	39	84	10	28	50	94	20	38	60	104	31	48	70	115	36	54	76	120
1.25	*	25	56	119	14	39	71	134	29	54	86	149	44	69	100	163	51	76	108	171
1.30	*	42	95	202	24	67	120	227	49	92	145	251	74	116	169	276	85	128	181	287
1.35	*	126	284	599	73	199	357	673	147	273	431	746	217	343	501	816	251	377	535	851

Critical time intervals (T, years) between catastrophes to attain long-term ZPG for the mean hunter-gatherer population, whereby crashes affect child mortality by a factor Z^q_c and adult mortality by Z^q_a (scenario 4), combined with mean vital rate alterations (scenario 1) where TFR is reduced by one (TFR = 5) and mortality increased by 15 to 35%. Asterisks indicate that ZPG could not be attained at these baseline rates without catastrophes.