Table 1.
Characteristics of the individuals who completed the questionnaire in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru (2018).
| Characteristics | Brazil (N=11,367; 58.42%) |
Mexico (N=5,934; 30.50%) |
Peru N=2,156; 11.08%) |
Total (N=19,457) |
P valuea | ||
| Age (years; n=19,456), median (interquartile range) | 29 (24-35) | 28 (24-34) | 26 (22-31) | 28 (24-34) | N/Ab | ||
| 18-24 | 3222 (28.35) | 1766 (29.76) | 889 (41.23) | 5877 (30.21) | <.001 | ||
| 25-35 | 5364 (47.19) | 2991 (50.40) | 970 (44.99) | 9325 (47.93) | N/A | ||
| ≥36 | 2780 (24.46) | 1177 (19.83) | 297 (13.78) | 4254 (21.86) | N/A | ||
| Race (nonwhitec; n=13,446), n (%) | 5363 (47.18) | N/A | 1672 (80.42) | 7035 (52.32) | <.001 | ||
| Monthly incomed (n=18,660), n (%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | <.001 | ||
| Low | 5136 (45.18) | 1544 (28.79) | 710 (36.79) | 7390 (39.60) | — | ||
| Middle | 4700 (41.35) | 2400 (44.75) | 948 (49.12) | 7087 (37.98) | N/A | ||
| High | 1531 (13.47) | 1419 (26.46) | 272 (14.09) | 4183 (22.42) | N/A | ||
| Schooling (≤ secondary education; n=19,300), n (%) | 4378 (38.86) | 1395 (23.60) | 461 (21.69) | 6234 (32.30) | <.001 | ||
| Sexual attraction (n=19,401), n (%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | <.001 | ||
| Men | 10,386 (91.54) | 5212 (88.14) | 1708 (79.74) | 17,306 (89.20) | N/A | ||
| Women | 152 (1.34) | 54 (0.91) | 67 (3.13) | 273 (1.41) | N/A | ||
| Men/women | 808 (7.12) | 647 (10.94) | 367 (17.13) | 1822 (9.39) | N/A | ||
| Steady partner (yes; n=19,294), n (%) | 2916 (25.83) | 1576 (26.77) | 607 (28.67) | 5099 (26.43) | .02 | ||
| Recruitment (n=19,457), n (%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | <.001 | ||
| Grindr | 7623 (67.06) | 4801 (80.91) | 925 (42.90) | 13,349 (68.61) | N/A | ||
| Hornet | 2489 (21.90) | 569 (9.59) | 20 (0.93) | 3078 (15.82) | N/A | ||
| 780 (6.86) | 230 (3.88) | 1037 (48.10) | 2047 (10.52) | N/A | |||
| Other | 475 (4.18) | 334 (5.63) | 174 (8.07) | 983 (5.05) | N/A | ||
| Use of apps for sexual encounters (n=19,454), n (%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | <.001 | ||
| Never | 835 (7.35) | 432 (7.28) | 414 (19.20) | 1681 (8.64) | N/A | ||
| Sometimes | 4387 (38.60) | 3336 (56.22) | 1033 (47.91) | 8756 (45.01) | N/A | ||
| Daily | 6142 (54.05) | 2166 (36.50) | 709 (32.88) | 9017 (46.35) | N/A | ||
| Last HIV testing (n=19,352), n (%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | <.001 | ||
| Previous 3 months | 3516 (31.12) | 1428 (21.15) | 551 (25.74) | 5495 (28.39) | N/A | ||
| Previous 6 months | 1989 (17.60) | 1031 (17.44) | 321 (14.99) | 3341 (17.26) | N/A | ||
| Previous 12 months | 1835 (16.24) | 843 (14.26) | 277 (12.94) | 2955 (15.27) | N/A | ||
| More than 12 months | 1972 (17.45) | 1259 (21.29) | 468 (21.86) | 3699 (19.11) | N/A | ||
| Never | 1986 (17.58) | 1352 (22.86) | 524 (24.47) | 3862 (19.96) | N/A | ||
| HIV risk perceptione (n=18,959), n (%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | <.001 | ||
| Low | 7746 (70.22) | 3341 (57.41) | 1218 (57.78) | 12,305 (64.90) | N/A | ||
| Middle | 2299 (20.84) | 1845 (31.70) | 652 (30.93) | 4796 (25.30) | N/A | ||
| High | 986 (8.94) | 634 (10.89) | 238 (11.29) | 1858 (9.80) | N/A | ||
| Preliminary eligibility for PrEPf (n=19,419), n (%) | 7938 (70.03) | 3668 (61.85) | 1504 (69.82) | 13,110 (67.51) | <.001 | ||
| Sexual behavior | |||||||
| Number of male sexual partnersg (n=19,376), n (%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | <.001 | ||
| None | 873 (7.68) | 1401 (23.82) | 345 (16.2) | 2619 (13.52) | N/A | ||
| 1-5 | 6036 (53.11) | 2872 (48.84) | 1145 (53.78) | 10,053 (51.88) | N/A | ||
| 6-10 | 1958 (17.23) | 821 (13.96) | 290 (13.62) | 3069 (15.84) | N/A | ||
| >10 | 2499 (21.99) | 787 (13.38) | 349 (16.39) | 3635 (18.76) | N/A | ||
| Condomless receptive anal sexg (yes; n=19,326), n (%) | 4433 (39.34) | 2368 (40.04) | 954 (44.48) | 7755 (40.13) | <.001 | ||
| Condomless insertive anal sexg (yes; n=19,322), n (%) | 5106 (45.31) | 2511 (42.45) | 960 (44.90) | 8577 (44.39) | <.001 | ||
| Sex with HIV+ male partnerg (yes; n=19,270), n (%) | 1217 (10.82) | 712 (12.08) | 269 (12.64) | 2198 (11.41) | .002 | ||
| Sex with unknown HIV status male partnerg (yes; n=19,133), n (%) | 3911 (35.27) | 2956 (49.98) | 1108 (52.02) | 7975 (41.68) | <.001 | ||
| Sex under alcohol useg (yes; n=19,414), n (%) | 4190 (36.97) | 2089 (35.23) | 778 (36.15) | 7057 (36.35) | .08 | ||
| Chemsexg (yes; n=19,401), n (%) | 1993 (17.60) | 948 (16.00) | 243 (11.29) | 3184 (16.41) | <.001 | ||
| Transactional sexg (yes; n=19,456), n (%) | 616 (5.42) | 271 (4.57) | 155 (7.19) | 1042 (5.36) | <.001 | ||
| STI diagnosesfg,h (yes; n=18,875), n (%) | 1476 (13.25) | 372 (6.52) | 197 (9.70) | 2045 (10.83) | <.001 | ||
| PEPi awareness (yes; n=19,457), n (%) | 7510 (66.07) | 3269 (55.09) | 778 (36.09) | 11,557 (59.40) | <.001 | ||
| PEP use (yes; n=19,393), n (%) | 1452 (12.82) | 310 (5.24) | 81 (3.76) | 1843 (9.50) | <.001 | ||
| Binge drinkingg (yes; n=19,390), n (%) | 7774 (68.39) | 4094 (69.43) | 1518 (71.40) | 13,386 (69.04) | <.001 | ||
| Substance useg (n=18,906), n (%) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| Tobacco | 2905 (25.56) | 1981 (35.87) | 539 (26.72) | 5425 (28.69) | <.001 | ||
| Marijuana or hash | 2907 (25.57) | 1369 (24.79) | 471 (23.35) | 4747 (25.11) | .09 | ||
| Stimulantsj | 1622 (14.27) | 545 (9.87) | 130 (6.45) | 2297 (12.15) | <.001 | ||
| Hallucinogensk | 994 (8.74) | 248 (4.49) | 28 (1.39) | 1270 (6.72) | <.001 | ||
| Poppers | 735 (6.47) | 1233 (22.33) | 195 (9.67) | 2163 (11.44) | <.001 | ||
| Erectile dysfunction drugg | 1054 (9.27) | 605 (10.96) | 90 (4.46) | 1749 (9.25) | <.001 | ||
aChi-square test.
bN/A: not applicable.
cBlack, Asian, Native American, and Mix race; this question was not available for Mexican respondents.
dFor Brazil, we considered the number of minimum wages in the family monthly income: low ≤3, middle 4-10, high >10 (monthly minimum wage in 2018 was 954 BRL=US $250, currency from June 2018). For Peru, we considered individual monthly income, categorized by number of minimum salaries: low ≤3, middle 4-10, high >10 (monthly minimum wage in 2018 was 850 PEN=US $265). For Mexico, we considered individual monthly income, categorized by number of minimum salaries: low: from no income to <3, middle 3-4, high ≥ 5 (monthly minimum wage in 2018 was 2686 MXN=US $141).
eIn the next year.
fAdapted from the WHO criteria for pre-exposure prophylaxis, which included the following: unprotected anal sex with a male or trans partner, sex with an HIV-positive partner, sex work, or STI diagnosis; all in the past 6 months.
gDuring the previous 6 months.
hSyphilis, gonorrhea, or rectal chlamydia.
iPEP: postexposure prophylaxis.
jCocaine, crack, ecstasy, and GHB (4-hydroxybutanoic acid).
kSolvents, lysergic acid diethylamide, and ketamine.