Table 1.

The life history of the Çatalhöyük community: The bioarchaeological record

Inference	Evidence	Early Period 7100–6700 cal BCE	Middle Period 6700–6500 cal BCE	Late Period 6500–5950 cal BCE
Birth rate	Juvenility index	Low	Increase	Decline
Living environment	Animal and human fecal matter and parasites	Poor	Poor	Poor
Domesticated sources plant carbohydrates in diet	Carbon isotope ratios	Present	Present	Present
Animal sources of protein (caprines) in diet	Nitrogen isotope ratios	Elevated	Increase	Increase
Unrelated persons interred within households	Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios	Variable	Variable	Variable
Unrelated persons interred within households	Dental phenotypic variation	Variable	Variable	Variable
Distance of herding from community	Sheep stable isotope ratios	Local	Increase	Increase
Distance of herding from community	Sheep tooth microwear variation	Present	Increased variation	Increased variation
Adult mobility and workload	Long bone cross-sectional geometry	Low	Increase	Increase
Juvenile mobility and workload	Cross-sectional geometry	Elevated	Increase	Increase
Enamel development disruption	Enamel defects (hypoplasia)	Ubiquitous	Ubiquitous	Ubiquitous
Physiological stress	Dental fluctuating asymmetry	Present	Increase	Decrease
Body size/development	Growth patterns in body size	Normal	Normal	Normal
Density-dependent specific infectious diseases	Diagnostic pathology (e.g., tuberculosis)	Absent	Absent	Absent
Prevalence of localized skeletal infection	Subperiosteal reactions	Substantial	Decrease	Decrease
Prevalence of oral infection	Dental carious lesion prevalence	Substantial	Substantial	Substantial
Intracommunity Interpersonal violence	Cranial depressed fractures	Present	Increase	Increase