Table 2. Summary of cognitive test results comparing pre and post-intervention for each group, derived from repeated measures GEE.

Test	Group	Pre-intervention			Post-intervention		Ptime	Pgroup	Pgroup time
		Mean	Standard error		Mean	Standard error
CAMCOG
Executive functioning	SHAM	113.55	1487		116	1.271	0.709	0.001	0.047
	Active	111.17	2130		115.31	2.334
Constructional praxis	SHAM	2.28	0.137		2.69	0.139	0.146	0.609	0.037
	Active	2.43	0.132		2.36	0.145
Total language	SHAM	27.45	0.27		27.28	0.344	0.374	0.963	0.116
	Active	27.03	0.401		27.66	0.332
Motor response	SHAM	3.86	0.064		3.86	0.064	0.315	0.632	0.315
	Active	3.83	0.098		3.97	0.034
Verbal answer	SHAM	2.93	0.047		3	0.049	0.763	0.698	0.362
	Active	2.97	0.059		2.93	0.047
Reading	SHAM	2	0		2.03	0.034	0.980	0.096	0.150
	Active	1.97	0.034		1.93	0.047
Settings	SHAM	5.62	0.133		5.66	0.132	0.130	0.733	0.215
	Active	5.41	0.192		5.76	0.093
Picture naming	SHAM	7.86	0.08		7.76	0.18	0.527	0.519	0.750
	Active	7.9	0.057		7.86	0.064
Verbal fluency	SHAM	4.17	0.162		3.9	0.171	0.772	0.876	0.049
	Active	3.97	0.192		4.17	0.201
Memory	SHAM	20.59	0.456		21.48	0.432	0.006	0.731	0.766
	Active	20.24	0.666		21.34	0.655
Memory recall	SHAM	4	0.213		3.32	0.202	0.303	0.361	0.004
	Active	3.28	0.228		3.58	0.186
Memory recognition	SHAM	5.21	0.165		5.41	0.134	0.409	0.394	0.560
	Active	5.14	0.181		5.17	0.169
Remote Memory	SHAM	4.31	0.213		4.83	0.176	0.003	0.434	0.345
	Active	4.62	0.198		4.9	0.209
Recent memory	SHAM	3.69	0.139		3.79	0.113	0.752	0.151	0.253
	Active	3.62	0.124		3.45	0.151
Fixing address	SHAM	3.61	0.234		4.28	0.145	<0.001	0.696	0.881
	Active	3.72	0.219		4.34	0.164
Heads up	SHAM	6.17	0.234		6	0.218	0.918	0.621	0.321
	Active	5.83	0.32		6.03	0.251
Calculation	SHAM	1.85	0.067		1.83	0.07	0.478	0.939	0.300
	Active	1.79	0.075		1.9	0.077
Praxis	SHAM	10.79	0.185		11.14	0.193	0.125	0.157	0.626
	Active	10.52	0.252		10.69	0.224
Ideational praxis	SHAM	3.76	0.093		3.76	0.079	0.810	0.584	0.810
	Active	3.83	0.07		3.79	0.09
Constructional praxis	SHAM	2.28	0.137		2.69	0.139	0.146	0.609	0.037
	Active	2.43	0.132		2.36	0.145
Ideomotor praxis	SHAM	4.76	0.079		4.69	0.11	0.694	0.089	0.269
	Active	4.41	0.158		4.55	0.115
Tactile perception	SHAM	2	0		1.97	0.034	0.565	0.556	0.565
	Active	1.97	0.034		1.97	0.034
Visual sense	SHAM	7.52	0.143		6.93	0.188	<0.001	0.812	0.908
	Active	7.59	0.15		6.97	0.21
Abstract thinking	SHAM	6.1	0.317		6.38	0.332	0.011	0.691	0.156
	Active	5.63	0.301		6.59	0.303
Time orientation	SHAM	4.72	0.096		4.86	0.064	0.994	0.510	0.112
	Active	4.79	0.075		4.66	0.132
Spatial orientation	SHAM	4.83	0.07		4.9	0.057	0.701	0.905	0.08
	Active	4.9	0.057		4.93	0.047
Total	SHAM	113.55	1.487		116	1,271	<0.001	0.536	0.295
	Active	111.17	2.130		115.31	2,334
Final	SHAM	93.93	0.979		95.83	0.686	0.001	0.579	0.742
	Active	92.83	1.447		95.14	1,602
Trail Making Test
Version A – time	SHAM	0.5697	0.06614		0.6462	0.08633	0.631	0.104	0.09
	Active	0.8269	0.11021		0.7707	0.09325
Version A – errors	SHAM	1.13	0.117		1.12	0.122	0.780	0.623	0.765
	Active	1.25	0.23		1.29	0.352
Version B – time	SHAM	24.872	0.29003		24,503	0.3288	0.874	0.962	0.929
	Active	24.559	0.25994		24,455	0.25501
Version B – errors	SHAM	3	0.403		2.49	0.889	0.497	0.665	0.610
	Active	3	1,156		1.84	0.563
Word List Memory Task
WLMT-A1	SHAM	4.9	0.241		5.05	0.298	0.503	0.404	0.694
	Active	4.69	0.244		4.86	0.307
WLMT-A2	SHAM	6.24	0.222		6.52	0.279	0.061	0.724	0.310
	Active	6.1	0.29		6.17	0.289
WLMT-A3	SHAM	6.79	0.282		7.17	0.285	0.263	0.838	0.524
	Active	6.86	0.242		6.97	0.295
WLMT-recall	SHAM	5.85	0.302		5.14	0.361	0.987	0.694	0.007
	Active	4.97	0.351		5.66	0.451
WLMT-recall test: intrusions	SHAM	1.28	0.171		1.22	0.139	0.941	0.205	0.851
	Active	1.57	0.396		1.6	0.357
WLMT-recognition test	SHAM	9.1	0.171		8.93	0.212	0.412	0.615	0.995
	Active	8.97	0.21		8.79	0.343
WLMT-recognition test – intrusions	SHAM	1.28	0.176		0.96	0.103	0.395	0.021	0.091
	Active	1.65	0.284		1.81	0.363
WLMT-total	SHAM	17.93	0.589		18.59	0.697	0.373	0.593	0.789
	Active	17.66	0.66		18	0.801
Other tests
Semantic Verbal Fluency test (Animal word version)	SHAM	17.31	0.867		16.86	0.903	0.81	0.874	0.268
	Active	16.55	0.972		17.24	0.971
Mini-Mental State Examination test	SHAM	27.31	0.369		27.31	0.297	0.751	0.578	0.751
	Active	26.93	0.5		27.14	0.48
Boston Naming test	SHAM	13.31	0.342		13.48	0.34	0.179	0.682	0.816
	Active	13.1	0.31		13.34	0.273
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale	SHAM	8.66	1.003		6.74	0.712	0.033	0.117	0.459
	Active	10.31	1.394		9.13	1,259
Clock Drawing Test	SHAM	8.759	0.2881		9,241	0.1883	0.012	0.401	0.743
	Active	8.345	0.4059		8,948	0.3957
N-back	SHAM	508	0		508	0	0.312	0.312	0.312
	Active	500.48	7.386		508	0
WAIS III - Code	SHAM	39.07	3.225		38.93	3.276	0.7	0.613	0.77
	Active	41.76	3.525		40.69	3.129
WAIS III – Digit span DO	SHAM	7.38	0.403		7.45	0.435	0.785	0.734	0.959
	Active	7.52	0.337		7.62	0.385
WAIS III – Digit span IO	SHAM	4.17	0.201		3.79	0.277	0.184	0.45	0.595
	Active	4.31	0.316		4.14	0.283