. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016 Apr 29;174(1):71–81. doi: 10.1007/s12011-016-0705-4

Table 2.

Unadjusted and adjusted mean (SE) mean arterial pressure (MAP), according to trimester of pregnancy and U-Cd tertiles, Seattle and Tacoma, WA, 1996–2002

	First Trimester		Second Trimester		Third Trimester
U-Cd tertiles (μg/g Cr)	Mean (SE)	Mean difference (95% CI)	Mean (SE)	Mean difference (95% CI)	Mean (SE)	Mean difference (95% CI)
	Unadjusted		Unadjusted		Unadjusted
≤0.21	83.16 (0.45)	0.0 (Reference)	83.15 ± 0.38	0.0 (Reference)	86.4 (0.44)	0.0 (Reference)
0.22–0.41	83.5 (0.48)	0.31 (−0.98, 1.6)	83.2 ± 0.39	0.05 (−1.02, 1.11)	85.7 (0.46)	−0.72 (−1.97, 0.53)
≥0.42	82.3 (0.47)	−0.87 (−2.16,0.42)	81.61 ± 0.39	−1.54 (−2.61, −0.47)^a	84.4 (0.46)	−2.09 (−3.35, −0.84)^c
	¹Adjusted		¹Adjusted		¹Adjusted
≤0.21	83.2 ± 0.46	0.0 (Reference)	83.18 ± 0.38	0.0 (Reference)	86.4 ± 0.44	0.0 (Reference)
0.22–0.41	83.7 ± 0.49	0.49 (−0.85, 1.82)	83.3 ± 0.40	0.25 (−0.84, 1.34)	85.8 ± 0.45	−0.54 (−1.79, 0.71)
≥0.42	82.5 ± 0.49	−0.54 (−1.89, 0.81)	81.7 ± 0.40	−1.14 (−2.25, −0.03)^b	84.4 ± 0.46	−1.79 (−3.06, −0.53)^d

95% CI=95% confidence interval.

Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, parity, smoking, prenatal vitamin use, family history of hypertension, GDM case and physical activity. The adjusted mean values reported for Model 1 are from a regression model based on the entire study cohort (N=653) with indicators variables specified to represent Non-Hispanic white, nulliparous, never smokers, prenatal vitamin using women from 25–34 years of age, no family history of hypertension, no gestational diabetes and physical active during pregnancy.

P-value = 0.005

P-value= 0.043

P-value=0.001

P-value=0.006