Table 2.

Cause-specific standardised mortality ratios in unipolar depression, by ethnicity (N = 20 320)

Totals (N)	Full sample	White British	Black Caribbean	Black African	South Asian	Irish	Chinese
	20 320	13 903	2942	1863	741	754	117
ALL-CAUSE
Observed/Expected	2366/929	1966/747	153/72	45/21	53/24	144/63	5/2
SMR (95%CI)	2.55(2.45–2.65)	2.63(2.52–2.75)	2.13(1.81–2.50)	2.19(1.60–2.94)	2.17(1.62–2.83)	2.28(1.93–2.69)	2.11(0.69–4.93)
NATURAL CAUSES
Cardiovascular (includes stroke and myocardial infarction)
Observed/Expected	622/271	502/221	54/20	6/5	15/7	43/19	2/1
SMR (95%CI)	2.30(2.12–2.48)	2.28(2.08–2.48)	2.76(2.07–3.60)	1.32(0.48–2.86)	2.20(1.23–3.63)	2.30(1.66–3.10)	2.92(0.35–10.56)
Diabetes Mellitus
Observed/Expected	36/10	27/8	5/1	2/0	2/0	0	0
SMR (95%CI)	3.78(2.65–5.24)	3.52(2.32–5.12)	6.85(2.23–15.99)	10.37(1.26–37.47)	8.09(0.98–29.23)	–	–
Cancers
Observed/Expected	481/261	396/204	36/23	14/7	4/8	30/18	1/1
SMR (95% CI)	1.84(1.68–2.01)	1.94(1.75–2.14)	1.57(1.10–2.18)	1.89(1.03–3.17)	0.50(0.14–1.28)	1.67(1.12–2.38)	1.53(0.04–8.55)
Respiratory
Observed/Expected	429/131	377/107	8/9	3/2	11/3	30/9	0
SMR (95% CI)	3.27(2.97–3.59)	3.51(3.17–3.88)	0.85(0.37–1.68)	1.56(0.32–4.57)	3.35(1.67–5.99)	3.34(2.25–4.77)	–
UNNATURAL CAUSES
Observed/Expected	171/33	137/25	7/4	9/2	7/1	10/2	1/0
SMR (95% CI)	5.09(4.35–5.91)	5.46(4.58–6.45)	2.00(0.80–4.12)	4.31(1.97–8.17)	7.00(2.81–14.43)	5.61(2.69–10.31)	8.41(0.21–46.88)
Suicide
Observed/Expected	98/9	77/6	4/1	8/1	2/0	6/0	1/0
SMR (95% CI)	10.58(8.59–12.89)	11.91(9.40–14.88)	3.41(0.93–8.74)	9.18(3.96–18.08)	6.39(0.77–23.06)	14.84(5.45–32.31)	27.23(0.69–151.7)
Accidents/assaults
Observed/Expected	73/24	60/19	3/2	1/1	5/1	4/1	0
SMR (95% CI)	3.00(2.35–3.77)	3.22(2.46–4.14)	1.29(0.27–3.77)	0.82(0.02–4.57)	7.28(2.36–16.99)	2.90(0.79–7.43)	–

SMR, standardised mortality ratios- age and sex-standardised to mid-point population of England and Wales; (95% CI) 95% confidence intervals.